Muscular system
Explain the terms abduction and adduction
Abduction
•Movement away from the midline
•E.g. Raising arm from side to shoulder height
Adduction
•Movement towards the midline
•E.g. Lowering arm from shoulder height to side
The Axial Skeleton consists of
Skull, sternum, rib cage, vertebral column
The functions of the systemic circuit
Carries blood from the heart to the body (except lungs) & back again
Carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells and picks up carbon dioxide and waste products
What is the respiratory Responses During Exercise
uIncrease respiratory rate
uIncreased levels of CO2 trigger response in the brain to breathe faster
uIncrease tidal volume
uLarger amount of air taken in with each breathe
uIncrease ventilation
uCombination of both respiratory & tidal volume
What does FITT stand for
Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type
What are two muscular Responses During Exercise
•Increase motor-unit and muscle fibres
•The greater the effort required, the greater the number of motor units & muscle fibres activated
•Increased blood flow to the muscles
•As oxygen demand increases the blood flow is redistributed from internal organs to the working muscle increases
•Increased muscle temperature
•As blood flow increases so does temperature
•Increased oxygen supply & utilisation
•Cells attract & utilise more oxygen
•Depletion of muscle energy stores
•As demands increase, energy stores are used up & deplete during exercise
What are the 3 types of joints?
Fibrous (Immoveable)
Cartilaginous (Slightly-movable)
Synovial (Movable)
Function of white blood cells
Cells of the immune system, which defend the body against infection and diseases
Define tidal volume
Amount of air inspired & expired at normal breathes
What are 3 examples of skill related fitness components?
Speed
Power
Agility
Balance
Coordination
Reaction time
What are the 2 types of skeletal muscle fibres
Slow Twitch Fibres (RED)
•Used for longer duration and lower effort activities. They react slowly and do not fatigue easily.
Fast Twitch Fibres (WHITE)
•Used for short duration and high effort activities. They contract rapidly.
What are the 5 types of bones?
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
Function of the Arteries
Carry oxygenated blood (bright red) from the heart through our bodies
Define Vital capacity
Largest volume of air that can be expired after maximum breathe in
What are 3 examples of health related fitness components
Cardiovascular endurance
Muscular endurance
Muscular strength
Flexibility
Body composition
What are two types of Isotonic Contraction
Concentric Contraction
•Muscle shortens as it contracts & produces force
•Decreases angle of joints
•Eg. Up phase of bicep curl
Eccentric Contraction
•Muscle lengthens as it contracts & produces force
•Increases angle of joints
•Eg. Down phase of bicep curl
What are the 5 regions of the spine (vertebral column)
Cervical (C1 – C7)
Thoracic (T1– T12)
Lumbar (L1 – L5)
Sacrum (S1– S5)
Coccyx
The right upper chamber (atrium) of the heart receives...
deoxygenated blood that is heavy with carbon dioxide.
Where does oxygen and waste exchange occur?
In the capillaries
Define Intensity
The intensity of an activity refers to how much effort is required to engage in it.
Intensity can be classified as sedentary, light, moderate and vigorous, depending on how much energy is expended during the activity.
What are the 3 functions of the muscular system?
1.Body Movement
•Skeletal muscles attach to bones via tendons. When the muscle contracts it pulls the bone, allowing for movement.
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2. Posture
•Muscle contractions allow your body to remain upright. Without constant muscular activity, we could not sit upright or stand.
3. Heat
•Muscle contraction requires energy. This energy use produces heat which keeps your body warm.
What are the 3 functions of the skeletal system
Allows Body Movement
Support & Protection
Mineral Storage
Production of blood cells
Provide a base for the attachment of muscles
What are the 4 functions of the circulatory system
1.Circulate blood to all parts of the body
2.Transports oxygen and nutrients
3.Transports (removes) waste such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and water
4.Works to control body temperature
6 functions of the respiratory system
Responsible for delivering oxygen (O2) to the body & releasing carbon dioxide (CO2)
Brings air from the atmosphere into lungs
Transfers oxygen into the blood
Removes carbon dioxide from the blood
Expels heat & water vapour in the air breathed out
Allows vocal cords to create speech as air is breathed out
What are the 4 domains of physical activity
●Household/gardening
●Occupational
●Leisure time
●Active transport