1001PSY Research Methods

Column 1

1

• The individuals who take part in a study are referred to as _________

participants.

2

• Researchers typically study the behaviour of a sample of people in order to learn about the larger __________

population

3

If a test yields consistent results, it is thought to have __________

reliability

4

• If a test accurately measures a variable, the test has  ________

validity

5

• Because every experimental test includes some degree of error, investigators will often use  ________  measures of the variable.

multiple

Column 2

1

• The main advantage of the experimental method is that it allows researchers to infer a  ________ relationship between variables.

cause-and-effect

2

• Turning an abstract concept into a concrete variable that is measurable is called ________ the variable.

operationalizing

3

• When designing a study, creating a ___________ procedure ensures that extraneous variables are minimized.

standardized

4

• Creating a _______ study reduces the effects of the researcher's bias and the participant's bias.

double-blind

5

•  _________ statistics are used to summarize the essential features of the data; whereas __________ statistics are used to draw inferences from the sample studied to the population as a whole.

descriptive, inferential

Column 3

1

• When a researcher uses  ________ in their research; they are trying to create a detailed assessment of a single person. This will give them clues about what behaviours they should study further.

case studies

2

An advantage of experiments is that they can be __________, meaning they can be repeated to see whether the same findings emerge with a different sample.

replicated

3

• The two most frequently used tools of survey researchers are _________ and ______________.

questionnaires, interviews

4

• A ________________ measures the extent to which two variables are related.

correlation co-efficient

5

____________ is the participant’s ability to agree or refuse to participate in a study, whereas _________ refers to those instances where participants are not informed of the aims of the investigation until the end of the study

Informed consent, deception

Column 4

1

• Correlation does not infer ___________.

causation

2

• __________ is essential in psychological research – it involves carefully examining and analyzing information to judge its value.

Critical thinking

3

• ________ involves study of human beings or animals in their natural environments, conducted without direct intervention from the observer.

Naturalistic observation

4

• A _______ is an in-depth and generally highly subjective or impressionistic report on an individual that may be based upon interviews, psychological testing and so on.

case study

5

• Researchers generally control for extraneous variables through ________________ of participants to groups.

random assignment