Geography Matters (Ch. 1)
Subarea of the discipline that studies Earth's natural processes and their outcomes
What is physical geography?
Network of labor and production processes beginning with the extraction or production of raw materials and ending with the delivery of a finished commodity
What is a commodity chain?
Specialization by countries in particular products for export
What is the international division of labor?
Genetic engineering of plants and animals with the potential to exceed the productivity of the green revolution
What is the Biorevolution?
Manufacturing process in which daily or hourly delivery schedules of materials allow for minimal or zero inventories
What is just-in-time production?
Ideas/notions about places we haven't directly experienced; the capacity to understand changes among different places, people, and regions
What is geographic imaginary/imagination?
Increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental, political, and cultural change
What is globalization?
Principles for mass production based on assembly-line techniques, scientific management, mass consumption based on higher wages, and sophisticated advertising techniques
What is Fordism?
System of food production increasingly dependent upon an economy and set of regulatory practices that are global in scope and organization
What is globalized agriculture?
Economic and political strategies by which powerful states in core economies indirectly maintain or extend their influence over other areas or people
What is neocolonialism?
Sub-disciplinary study of the spatial organization of human activities and the relationships between people and their environments
What is human geography?
Companies with investments and activities that span international boundaries and with subsidiary companies, factories, offices, or facilities in several countries
What are transnational corporations?
Small areas within which especially favorable investment and training conditions are created by governments in order to attract foreign direct investment and export-oriented industries
What are export processing zones (EPZs)?
The introduction of new production techniques, processing technology, infrastructure, and larger, motorized boats, as well as the application of transgenics into peripheral country fisheries
What is the Blue Revolution?
A system of economic production and consumption based upon the international division of labor, flexibility of production, separation of consumer/producer, and feminization of work force
What is Post-Fordism?
Feelings and associations that are learned/developed in response to people's experiences and memories of a particular location
What is sense of place?
Described as the most important feature of capitalist economic development; for example, takes the form of core-periphery contrasts
What is unevenness?
Initiatives led by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund to restructure a country's economy for foreign trade, privatization, and reduced economic regulations
What are structural adjustment policies (SAPs)?
Export of a technological package of fertilizers and high-yielding seeds, from the core to the periphery, to increase global agricultural productivity
What is the Green Revolution?
Dominance maintained through the exertion of political, economic, cultural, and/or ideological power (usually held by a single group)
What is hegemony?
The co-constitutive relationship between society and space
What is socio-spatial dialectic?
Doctrine holding that human activities are controlled by the environment; historically used to justify unequal treatment
What is environmental determinism?
The domestic labor, care work, and education needed to sustain workers' and their families' lives
What is social reproduction?
The patenting of genetic traits of plants and other organisms that are expropriated from traditional food cultures
What is biopiracy?
The reduction of the friction of distance, i.e. the time it takes to travel through space, due to advances in transportation and communication technologies
What is space-time compression?