DNA & Replication
These are the 4 nucleotides used in DNA.
What are A, T, C, and G?
This is the number of nucleotides in a codon.
What is 3?
These are what is changing when evolution is happening.
What are allele frequencies?
This is the mechanism of evolution that makes populations more similar.
What is gene flow?
This is the term for very slow, but constant rates of evolutionary change.
What is gradualism?
This is ONE of the 3 ways in which bacteria can exchange genetic information.
What is transformation OR transduction OR conjugation?
This would be the correct transcription of T-A-C.
What is A-U-G?
Transitional forms were used as an example of this piece of evidence for evolution.
What is the fossil record?
This is the mechanism of evolution that will result in adaptations.
What is natural selection?
These are what prevent gene flow and allow populations to become more different.
What are reproductive barriers or reproductive isolation?
This is the description of DNA replication that refers to the fact that each new DNA molecule is half old material and half new material.
What is semi-conservative?
These are the informational structures of a tRNA molecule.
What are anti-codons?
According to Darwin, these are what causes certain individuals to be more likely to survive and have more offspring.
What are beneficial traits?
These are the two sources of genetic variation.
What are mutations and sexual reproduction?
This is the type of speciation that occurs because two populations have become physically separated from each other.
What is allopatric speciation?
During replication, DNA Polymerase reads DNA from the _____ end to the _____ end?
What are 3' and 5'?
These are the pieces of pre-mRNA that remain in the nucleus.
What are introns?
Peppered moths were used as an example of this piece of evidence for evolution.
What is living populations?
This is the condition of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium that is violated by genetic drift.
What is very large populations?
This is the result of hybrid zones that ends in just one species existing.
What is fusion?
This is the strand of DNA that is copied in chunks, with the DNA polymerase moving away from the replication fork.
What is the lagging strand?
These are the kinds of the mutations that cause translation to be stopped prematurely.
What are nonsense point mutations?
In class, Kowalski summarized natural selection as this (not the definition).
What is “survival of the sufficient”?
This is what is represented mathematically as p2.
What is the frequency of dominant homozygotes?
These are the 3 components of the biological species concept.
What are: 1. Groups of populations, 2. Ability to interbreed, and 3. Fertile offspring?