Historical Circumstances
Before the Enlightenment, what organization had the most influence on how people in Europe lived and what they thought?
Catholic Church
Enlightenment thinkers often challenged the power of ________ monarchs.
Absolute Monarchs.
Who believed humans are selfish and need a strong ruler to avoid chaos?
Thomas Hobbes
In the 1700s, most of Europe was still ruled by what kind of monarch?
Absolute Monarchies
What is another name for the Enlightenment?
The Age of Reason
How did the Protestant Reformation challenge the Catholic Church’s power?
Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church by translating the Bible and encouraging people to read it for themselves.
What invention allowed Enlightenment ideas to spread more quickly?
The Printing Press
Who argued for natural rights: life, liberty, and property?
John Locke
Which Enlightenment ideas challenged absolute monarchy?
Ideas like natural rights, social contract, and separation of powers.
Describe one way the printing press leads to new the increase of literacy in Europe.
The printing press and literacy would allow scientists, philosophers, and other scholars to write and spread their ideas more quickly.
How did the Scientific Revolution inspire Enlightenment thinkers?
Scientists used observation and reason, inspiring philosophers to apply logic to politics and society.
Name one revolution influenced by Enlightenment ideas.
The American Revolution, French Revolution, Haitian Revolution, Latin American Revolutions
Who supported separation of powers in government?
Baron de Montesquieu
The French Revolution happened after which time period — the Middle Ages or the Enlightenment?
The Enlightenment
France - Louis XVI
Russia - Peter the Great
How did urbanization, salons, and coffeehouses spread Enlightenment ideas?
They gave people places to meet, read, and talk about Enlightenment ideas.
What document from the French Revolution reflected Enlightenment ideals of liberty and equality?
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Who believed government should be based on the “general will” of the people?
Jean-Jacques-Rousseau
Did Enlightenment ideas inspire people to want change?
Yes. The people wanted more freedom and rights.
Identify two people that were key to the Scientific Revolution
Copernicus, Galileo, and Issac Newton
Why did the Enlightenment happen when and where it did (Europe, 1600s–1700s)?
Because Europe had absolute monarchs, the Protestant Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, more books/literacy, and growing cities.
How did Enlightenment ideals influence the U.S. government system?
The Enlightenment ideas encouraged the division of US government into three branches and the ideas of "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness"
Which Enlightenment thinker’s ideas inspired the American Declaration of Independence?
John Locke and his idea of natural rights.
True or False: The Enlightenment was the only cause of the French Revolution. Explain.
False.
What revolution would inspire the French Revolution by 1776.
American Revolution