What's all this Background Radiation about?
In the U.S., how much annual dose do people generally receive?
620 mrem
The U.S. annual average dose equivalent for various inhaled radionuclides is _____
230 mrem
The property of certain nuclides to spontaneously emit radiation
Radioactivity
This unit of exposure is the deposition by any radiation of 100 ergs of energy in one gram of any material
The rad
Which two particles with charge cause excitation and ionization in an absorber medium and are called directly ionizing radiation.
Alpha and Beta
Terrestrial radiation, primarily from the gamma ray dose from the uranium and thorium series, contributes how many mrem?
18
AHHHHH NUCLEAR FALLOUT! So SCARYYYY
how much background radiation is from nuclear fallout?
<1mrem/yr
The process by which a nucleus spontaneously disintinrates by one or more discrete energy steps until a stable state is reached.
Radioactive decay
This obsolete unit of exposure describes the ability of photons to produce ionization in air
The Roentgen
This is any process that results in the removal of a bound electron, and results in an ion pair.
Ionization
How much radioactivity does the U.S. population get from cosmic radiation?
31 mrem/yr
How much background radiation is from medical procedures/medical exposures?
298 mrem/yr
(another reason to stay healthy, to avoid those medical exposures)
The difference between Gamma rays and X-rays is their _____.
Moms
Just kidding. It's their origin. I mean, same difference.
The quantity of ionizing radiation whose biological effect in man is equal to that produced by 1 Roentgen of X-rays or Gamma radiation
The rem
Any process that adds enough energy to an electron of an atom or molecule so that it occupies a higher energy state, but eventually loses its excess energy--which is liberated in the form of a photon
Excitation
Internal emitters--how much radioactivity finds its way into the body through the food chain each year?
31 mrem
How much radiation is from Nuclear Facilities?
<1 mrem/yr
The time required for the activity present to be reduced to one-half
Half-life
This SI unit is equal to 100 rad
1 gray
This beta-specific energy transfer occurs when a high energy beta interacts with matter that is "high Z" material--meaning that it has lots of protons--and results in the release of an X-ray
Bremsstrahlung
Of all of the Internal Emitters, which one is the most abundant?
K-40 (potassium 40)
Consumer products--how much per year?
12 mrem
How many dpm is the Curie?
2.22E12 dpm
What is the SI unit of equivalent dose?
The Sievert (Sv)
Where on the PORTS site did Scott say that Bremsstrahlung occurs?
The cylinder yards