Major Schools/Figures in Psychology
The early school of psychology that focused on breaking consciousness into basic elements and is most closely associated with Wilhelm Wundt
A. Functionalism
B. Behaviorism
C. Structuralism
D. Humanism
What is structuralism?
This branch of psychology focuses on diagnosing and treating mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.
A. Social psychology
B. Personality psychology
C. Clinical psychology
D. Developmental psychology
What is clinical psychology?
In psychological research, this term refers to a testable prediction derived from a theory.
A. Theory
B. Hypothesis
C. Correlation
D. Variable
What is hypothesis?
This is the basic building block of the nervous system that transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.
A. Glial cell
B. Neuron
C. Synapse
D. Axon
What is neuron?
In psychology, this term refers to our awareness of ourselves and our environment.
A. Sleep
B. Consciousness
C. Circadian rhythm
D. Altered state
What is consciousness?
Psychological perspective, championed by William James, that emphasized the purpose of consciousness and behavior rather than structure
A. Structuralism
B. Functionalism
C. Psychoanalytic theory
D. Gestalt psychology
What is functionalism?
This branch of psychology examines how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence of others.
A. Social psychology
B. Clinical psychology
C. Cognitive psychology
D. Biopsychology
What is social psychology?
Which research method involves an in-depth examination of a single individual or small group?
A. Survey
B. Naturalistic observation
C. Case study
D. Archival research
What is case study?
This part of the neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons.
A. Axon
B. Soma
C. Dendrites
D. Terminal buttons
What is dendrites?
This biological rhythm follows a roughly 24-hour cycle and is influenced by light and darkness.
A. Ultradian rhythm
B. Circadian rhythm
C. Seasonal rhythm
D. REM cycle
What is circadian rhythm?
Ivan Pavlov’s research with dogs demonstrated learning through the association of stimuli, a process known as ______
A. Operant conditioning
B. Insight learning
C. Classical conditioning
D. Observational learning
What is classical conditioning?
This area of psychology focuses on understanding individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
A. Developmental psychology
B. Personality psychology
C. Social psychology
D. Sensation and perception
What is personality psychology?
This type of research examines the relationship between two variables but does not allow researchers to determine cause and effect.
A. Experiment
B. Longitudinal research
C. Correlation
D. Naturalistic observation
What is correlation?
This division of the nervous system is responsible for the “fight-or-flight” response.
A. Parasympathetic nervous system
B. Somatic nervous system
C. Sympathetic nervous system
D. Central nervous system
What is sympathetic nervous system?
During this stage of sleep, vivid dreaming and rapid eye movements most commonly occur.
A. Non-REM Stage 1
B. Non-REM Stage 3
C. REM sleep
D. Light sleep
What is REM sleep?
B.F. Skinner expanded behaviorism by focusing on how consequences shape behavior, a learning process known as _____
A. Classical conditioning
B. Cognitive learning
C. Operant conditioning
D. Psychoanalytic conditioning
This branch of psychology investigates the relationship between biological processes and behavior, including the brain and nervous system.
A. Clinical psychology
B. Social psychology
C. Biopsychology
D. Cognitive psychology
What is biopsychology?
When participants’ expectations influence the outcome of a study, this phenomenon is known as...
A. Confirmation bias
B. Confounding variable
C. Placebo effect
D. Illusory correlation
What is placebo effect?
This brain structure plays a critical role in forming new memories.
A. Amygdala
B. Hypothalamus
C. Hippocampus
D. Thalamus
What is hippocampus?
According to Freud, the remembered storyline of a dream is known as...
A. Latent content
B. Hidden meaning
C. Manifest content
D. Altered consciousness
What is manifest content?
This psychological movement emerged as a response to behaviorism and psychoanalysis, emphasizing free will, personal growth, and concepts such as unconditional positive regard.
A. Behaviorism
B. Humanism
C. Structuralism
D. Gestalt psychology
What is humanism?
This field of psychology studies how sensory information is detected, transmitted, and interpreted by the brain.
A. Personality psychology
B. Sensation and perception
C. Developmental psychology
D. Social psychology
What is sensation and perception?
This concept refers to the extent to which a study or measurement accurately assesses what it claims to measure.
A. Reliability
B. Replication
C. Validity
D. Falsifiability
This lobe of the cerebral cortex is primarily responsible for planning, decision-making, and impulse control.
A. Parietal lobe
B. Temporal lobe
C. Occipital lobe
D. Frontal lobe
What is frontal lobe?
This term refers to mental states that differ from normal waking consciousness, such as dreaming, meditation, or the effects of psychoactive drugs.
A. Conscious awareness
B. Circadian disruption
C. Altered states of consciousness
D. Biological rhythm
What is altered states of consciousness?