Show:
Introduction to mutations
Bacterial gene transfer
Wild-type vs. mutant strains
Isolation of mutants
Types of mutations
100

What is a mutation?

heritable change in genome 

100

True or False: Bacteria cannot transfer DNA.

FALSE 

100

Wild-type strains are isolated from where? 

nature

100

True or False: selectable mutations confer an advantage 

TRUE (ex. antibiotic resistance)

100

What is a mutation that causes a change in only one base pair?

point mutation

200

What is a mutant?

an organism carrying a mutation

200

What type of bacterial DNA transfer takes place with the use of a phage?

transduction 

200

What is a mutant?

a cell or virus derived from the wild-type strain that carries a nucleotide sequence (genotype change)

200

True or False: Nonselectable mutations confer an advantage. 

FALSE, even though they may lead to a phenotypic change it requires laborious, time consuming screening

200
What type of mutations occur without external intervention? 

Spontaneous mutations 

300

What is horizontal gene transfer? 

genetic exchange that can combine and accumulate multiple changes or transfer new genes

300

What type of DNA transfer takes place with the formation of a bridge?

conjugation

300

True or False: Phenotypes are ALWAYS altered when making mutants. 

FALSE

300

Which is preferred selection or screening? 

Selection, easier to see mutant

300

What type of mutations are caused environmentally or deliberately?

Induced mutations

400

What two things fuel evolution? 

mutations and genetic exchange

400

What type of DNA takes place with uptake of free DNA from the environment?

Transformation 

400

How is the phenotype change of a mutant designated?

Capital letter and two lowercase (ex. His+)

400

Auxotrophs typically have a what type of requirement compared to a prototroph?

nutritional environment (ex. His+ or His-)

400
What is a frameshift mutation?
A single base pair deletion or insertion that can result in a shift in reading frame.
500

What type of growth accumulates mutations quickly in prokaryotes? 

exponential growth

500

Transformation takes place with the use of ____ containing DNA for a cell to uptake free DNA.

vesicles 

500

How is the genotype of a mutant designated?

three lower case then capital letter (ex. hisC)

500

What can you have as a control when screening for nutritional auxotrophs?

complete medium sample for all colonies to grow

500

What are the three types of base-pair substitutions?

missense, nonsense, and silent mutations