FILL IN THE GAP
In many museums, you __________ to show your ID at the entrance. It’s a strict rule
are required
(absolute obligation, rule)
You are not required to pick up the bill for everyone — it's a law! You must split the bill
You are not required to pick up the bill for everyone — it's NOT a law.
(логическая ошибка: отсутствие обязанности ≠ закон. Правило: No obligation ≠ rule/law)
You don't have to pay for public healthcare in this country. It's free
are not required to
"You are supposed to be on time for dinner with a host family."
Obligation, weak.
(по идее должен, но не закон — expected, not a rule)
По идее, ты должен уважать чужое право на приватность, даже в интернете
You are supposed to respect other people's right to privacy, even online
You __________ to swear at someone in a public place in our town; it can lead to a heavy fine
are not supposed
(gentle prohibition → be not supposed to = not allowed)
He was supposed to show respect to his colleagues, but he did it every day
He was supposed to show respect to his colleagues, but he DIDN'T.
(be supposed to = ожидаемое действие, но оно не выполнено. Ошибка в смысле)
You should respect people's online privacy, even if it's not a law
ought to
(или should, но ought to — идеально подходит по моральному оттенку)
"You are not required to show respect for local customs, but people will get angry."
No obligation.
*(важно: нет обязанности, но есть последствия)
Меня бесит, когда люди матерятся на кого-то в общественном месте, но я просто стискиваю зубы и терплю (grin and bear it)
It bugs me / gets on my nerves when people swear at someone in public, but I just grin and bear it
The company has a new policy: employees __________ to split the bill during business lunches; the company pays for everything
are not required
(no obligation — важно: не запрет, а отсутствие необходимости)
You ought to pay a fine for swearing in public if the police see you
You WILL HAVE TO / ARE REQUIRED TO pay a fine...
(ought to = weak obligation / moral; штраф — это absolute obligation по закону. Ошибка в силе обязательства)
You must show your passport to access medical services. That's the rule
are required to
"You ought to help if someone falls in the street."
Obligation, weak, moral.
(ought to = правильное действие, не закон)
Тебя не обязывают разделять счет, но это было бы правильно с моральной точки зрения, если ты пригласил друзей
You are not required to split the bill, but you ought to if you invited your friends
When you travel abroad, you __________ to respect local privacy laws, even if they seem strange to you — it's the moral thing to do
ought
(moral rightness / правильное с моральной точки зрения)
You are not allowed to grin and bear it when someone tests your patience — it's your right to lose your temper
You ARE allowed to grin and bear it...
(grin and bear it — это ваш выбор, нет запрета. Ошибка: not allowed = запрещено, но здесь разрешено терпеть)
Children are not allowed to swear in public, but sometimes they do it anyway
are not supposed to
(be not supposed to = gentle prohibition, softer than not allowed, идеально для детей)
"You are not allowed to access your own medical records without permission."
No permission.
(be not allowed to = запрещено, отсутствие разрешения)
По закону тебе не разрешают получить доступ к медицинской помощи бесплатно (free of charge), если у тебя нет местной регистрации
By law, you are not allowed to access healthcare free of charge if you don't have local registration
You __________ to access healthcare in this country free of charge, but only if you have registered with a local doctor first
are allowed
(permission, often confused with obligation — здесь именно “разрешено”, не “должен”)
The last straw was when I was not required to access to healthcare online — that really bugged me
The last straw was when I WAS NOT ALLOWED to access healthcare online...
(три ошибки: 1) не «not required» (нет запрета), а «not allowed» (запрет). 2) access healthcare (без to). 3) bugged me — подходит по смыслу)
We don't have any obligation to split the bill if someone else picks it up voluntarily
are not required
"You are required to pick up the bill if you invited everyone."
Obligation, strong/absolute.
(be required to = правило/ситуативная обязанность, почти закон. Сильнее, чем supposed to)
Последней каплей стал крупный штраф за то, что я не проявил уважение к правилам, хотя я не обязан был их соблюдать — и я психанул
The last straw was a heavy fine for not showing respect to the rules, even though I was not required to follow them — and I lost my temper