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100

What concept does Mary Wollstonecraft argue would help women the most in achieving their main objective of equal rights?

(A) patriotism

(B) voting rights

(C) education

(D) common language

c. education

100

 Which economic theory is best supported by Adam Smith?

(A) utilitarianism

(B) communism

(C) corporatism

(D) laissez-faire


d. laissez-faire

100

 The speech by Wilhelm II is promoting which of the 

following?

(A) Social Darwinism and racism

(B) Marxism and socialism 

(C) aggression and appeasement

(D) imperialism and nationalism

d. imperialism and nationalism

200

. Which of the following contributed to British 

imperialism in the nineteenth century?

(A) the process of industrialization and 

increased nationalism

(B) the desire to sponsor industrialization 

efforts overseas

(C) the emergence of Asian and African land 

empires

(D) the transition from manufacturing to the 

putting-out system

(A) the process of industrialization and 

increased nationalism

200

 The boundary lines on the map (source 1) reflect 

which of the following?

(A) natural barriers such as rivers and mountain 

ranges

(B) traditional tribal divisions within African 

societies

(C) linguistic differences

(D) European economic and political concerns

(D) European economic and political concerns

200

. What is the main reason that there were no 

significant trade routes in the central portion of the 

Africa?

(A) the hostility of local tribes discouraged 

outsiders

(B) the central part of Africa has no significant 

resources

(C) linguistics barriers made trade difficult

(D) the harshness of the terrain made travel 

practically impossible

(D) the harshness of the terrain made travel 

practically impossible

300

Gunpowder Weaponry: Europe vs. China

In Western Europe during the 1200s through the 1400s, early cannons, as heavy and as slow to fire as they were, proved useful enough in the protracted sieges that dominated warfare during this period that governments found it sufficiently worthwhile to pay for them and for the experimentation that eventually produced gunpowder weapons that were both more powerful and easier to move. By contrast, China, especially after the mid – 1300s, was threatened mainly by highly mobile steppe nomads, against whom early gunpowder weapons, with their unwieldiness, proved of little utility. It therefore devoted its efforts to the improvement of horse archer units who could effectively combat the country’s deadliest foe.

. The argument in this passage most closely relates to 

which of the following large – scale questions about 

global history?

(A) how societies shared strategically important 

technologies with each other

(B) why European states went on to attain 

military superiority over non – Western 

powers in the modern era

(C) why Silk Road commerce dwindled across 

the breadth of Eurasia after 1500 C.E. 

(D) how the medieval climate affected the 

process of cultural diffusion


(B) why European states went on to attain 

military superiority over non – Western 

powers in the modern era

300

. Simón de Bolivar accomplished which of the following? 

(A) the first independence in Latin American 

states

(B) the first military victory of the War of 1812

(C) the first military victory of the Spanish –

American War 

(D) the first political coup by someone of mixed 

racial descent

(A) the first independence in Latin American 

states

300

 The disintegration of the Abbasid Caliphate most 

directly led to which of the following political 

developments in the Islamic world in the thirteenth 

century?

(A) the Russian conquest of Central Asia

(B) the rise of Turkic states

(C) the conversion of most of the Islamic world 

to Shi‘a Islam

(D) the collapse of trade along the Silk Road 

networks


(B) the rise of Turkic states

400

Gunpowder Weaponry: Europe vs. China

In Western Europe during the 1200s through the 1400s, early cannons, as heavy and as slow to fire as they were, proved useful enough in the protracted sieges that dominated warfare during this period that governments found it sufficiently worthwhile to pay for them and for the experimentation that eventually produced gunpowder weapons that were both more powerful and easier to move. By contrast, China, especially after the mid – 1300s, was threatened mainly by highly mobile steppe nomads, against whom early gunpowder weapons, with their unwieldiness, proved of little utility. It therefore devoted its efforts to the improvement of horse archer units who could effectively combat the country’s deadliest foe.

What traditional view of world history does this 

passage seem to challenge?

(A) that China has always been less 

technologically adept than most Afro –

Eurasian societies 

(B) that China’s rigid form of dictatorial rule 

suppresses any spirit of military or 

technological innovation 

(C) that China was hindered by religious 

fundamentalism when it came to 

modernizing efforts

(D) that China was surpassed by Europe in 

global power because it turned a blind eye 

to the obvious benefits of technological 

change

(D) that China was surpassed by Europe in 

global power because it turned a blind eye 

to the obvious benefits of technological 

change

400

 The declaration of the rights of man and citizen is best understood in the context of which of the following?

(A) the conquest of France by neighboring 

powers

(B) the establishment of slavery and 

serfdom in France

(C) the spread of anticolonial movements

(D) the rise and diffusion of Enlightenment 

ideas

(D) the rise and diffusion of Enlightenment 

ideas

400

 Which of the following groups would most likely 

disagree with the ideas expressed in the 

excerpt?

(A) French land-owning elite

(B) slaves in French colonies

(C) European monarchs

(D) peasants and serfs

c. European monarchs

500

“At least one of the [world’s] societies would have to somehow enormously increase its productivity [in order to achieve global hegemony]. That quantum jump would have to be made before the various scientific, technological, agricultural, and industrial revolutions on which our post-quantum-leap world rests. It could only be accomplished by exploiting the ecosystems, mineral resources, and human assets of whole continents outside the lands of the society making the jump. Western Europe did just that by means of its brutality and guns and, more important, by geographical and ecological luck.” 

- Alfred Crosby, historian, Ecological Imperialism, 2004

Crosby’s argument in the passage is most likely a 

response to which of the following developments of 

the period 1450-1750 C.E.? 

(A) the development of direct trade links 

between Western Europe and India 

(B) the beginning of the Industrial Revolution 

(C) the colonization of North and South 

America by Western Europeans

(D) the increasing development of seafaring 

technologies 

(C) the colonization of North and South 

America by Western Europeans

500

“At least one of the [world’s] societies would have to somehow enormously increase its productivity [in order to achieve global hegemony]. That quantum jump would have to be made before the various scientific, technological, agricultural, and industrial revolutions on which our post-quantum-leap world rests. It could only be accomplished by exploiting the ecosystems, mineral resources, and human assets of whole continents outside the lands of the society making the jump. Western Europe did just that by means of its brutality and guns and, more important, by geographical and ecological luck.” 

- Alfred Crosby, historian, Ecological Imperialism, 2004

 The “quantum jump” mentioned in the passage 

most directly contributed to which of the following 

developments in the period of 1450-1750 C.E.? 

(A) a breakdown in trade routes through the 

collapse of the established state structure 

(B) an increase in the population of the world 

through more plentiful supplies of food

(C) the spread of Chinese and Indian belief 

systems across the world 

(D) an increase in social unrest 

(B) an increase in the population of the world 

through more plentiful supplies of food

500

Young Italy is a brotherhood of Italians who believe in a law of progress and duty, and are convinced that Italy is destined to become one nation, convinced also that she possesses sufficient strength within herself to become one, and that the ill success of her former efforts is to be attributed not to the weakness, but to the misdirection of the revolutionary elements within her,—The means by which Young Italy proposes to reach its aim are education and insurrection, to be adopted simultaneously and made to harmonize with each other. Education must ever be directed to teach, by example, word, and pen, the necessity of insurrection. Insurrection, whenever it can be realized, must be so conducted as to render it a means of national education. Education, though of necessity secret in Italy, will be public outside of Italy.

- Source: Readings in Modern European History by James Harvey Robinson and Charles A. Beard. Volume II. Boston: Ginn & Company, 1909.

. The views depicted in the excerpt best reflect 

which of the following nineteenth century 

movements?

(A) socialism

(B) egalitarianism

(C) nationalism

(D) rationalism


c. nationalism