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Key Terms
Key People
Key Discoveries
Key Events
100

A substance that reduces sensitivity to pain

Anaesthetic
100

Liverpool businessman who gathered statistics about poverty in London. He published Life and Labour of the People in London (1901-1902). These books featured maps which charted poverty on each street in London

Charles Booth

100

Jenner discovered that dairy maids who had been infected with ________ were immune from catching smallpox.

Cowpox

100

The function of hospitals had changed by 1900. Before, they were places for the sick to rest, and by 1900...

...they were places where the sick were being treated!

200

A substance that stops or slows down the growth of microorganisms. They're frequently used in hospitals and other medical settings to reduce the risk of infection during surgery and other procedures.

Antiseptic

200

A pioneer of antiseptic surgery who used carbolic acid to prevent infection.

Joseph Lister

200

Name any anaesthetic used BEFORE the first use of chloroform (1847)

Alcohol, opium, laughing gas, ether

200

Why did most hospitals close down in 1530s?

Henry VIII breaks with Rome and dissolves the monasteries (monks and nuns providing healthcare at this time)

300

This forced councils to carry out improvements. These included the provision of clean water, proper drainage and sewage systems and the appointment of a Medical Officer of Health in every area.

Public Health Act 1875

300

First physician to demonstrate the anaesthetic properties of chloroform on humans and helped to popularise its use in medicine

James Simpson

300

What is the difference between spontaneous generation and germ theory?

Spontaneous generation: microbes are the PRODUCT of decay

Germ theory: microbes are the CAUSE of decay

300

Nightingale's discoveries had a very positive effect on mortality rate, it dropped from ____ to ____ in just six months.

40% to 2&

400

Term used to describe the statistical study of populations, especially human beings. Chadwick, Southwood Smith, and Booth all practiced this.

Social demography

400

Created the world's first vaccine (for smallpox, in 1796)

Edward Jenner

400
What were the two main impacts of Nightingale's work? 

1. The way _ _ _ _ _ _ were t_ _ i_ed.

2. The way _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ were de_ _ _ _ _ _

1. The way nurses were trained

2. The way hospitals were designed

400

What is published in 1861?

Pasteur's Germ Theory
500

Term used to describe how hospitals were becoming places of medical learning in the 19th century

"Birth of the Clinic"

500
Significant in influencing improvements in hospital care. They believed that miasma caused disease, so emphasized hygiene, fresh air, good supplies, and training for nurses. Their approach lowered the death rate at Scutari hospital from 42% to 2%

Florence Nightingale

500

Better ventilation, more windows, larger rooms, and separate wards for specific diseases were all features of what plan by Florence Nightingale?

Pavillion plan

500
Florence Nightingale wrote this book in 1859

Notes on Nursing