Developmental Theories
What is psychosocial theory?
A Theory developed by Erikson that emphasizes the role of social and cultural influences on development throughout the lifespan.
What is the function of the DNA?
DNA Carries genetic information necessary for the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of living organisms.
What is a teratogen?
Any substance or condition that can cause developmental abnormalities in a fetus, such as drugs, alcohol, or infections.
How does smoking affect pregnancy?
Smoking can lead to low birth weight, premature birth, and increased risk of developmental issues in the child.
What is the difference between nature and nurture?
Nature refers to genetic inheritance and biological factors, while nurture refers to environmental influences and experiences.
What are Erikson's first five stages of development?
1. Trust vs. Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
3. Initiative vs Guild
4. Industry vs Inferiority
5. Identity vs. Identity Confusion
What is a genotype?
The genetic makeup of an individual, consisting of all the alleles inhered from parents.
What is prenatal care?
Medical care provided to a pregnant woman to monitor the health of both mother and fetus throughout the pregnancy.
What is Down Syndrome?
A Chromosomal disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to physical and cognitive changes.
How do parenting styles impact child outcomes?
Different styles (Authoritative, authoritarian, permission, and uninvolved) lead to varying levels of emotional and social development.
Define cognitive-developmental theory
A theory that focuses on how thinking and problem-solving change over time, primarily associated with Jean Piaget
What is a phenotype?
The observable characteristics or traits of an individual, resulting from the interaction of genotype and environment.
What is the purpose of an ultrasound during pregnancy?
To visualize the fetus, assess its development, and check for any potential abnormalities.
What are some common complications during pregnancy? Name 2.
Gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and placental abruption
What impact does early childhood education have on development?
Early childhood education can enhance cognitive skills, social-emotional development and school readiness.
How do social influences impact development?
Social influence such as family, peers, and community shape values and identity formation
What is the difference between dominant and recessive genes?
Dominant genes express their traits even if only one copy is present, while recessive genes require two copies to express their traits.
How does culture influence prenatal practices?
Cultural beliefs and practices shape attitude towards prenatal care, dietary restrictions and childbirth rituals.
What health risks are associated with advanced maternal age?
Increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities, pregnancy complications, and miscarriage.
What is attachment theory?
A psychological model that describes the dynamics of long-term interpersonal relationships, particularly between children and caregivers.
What is the concept of identity in Erikson's theory?
Identity is the stage in adolescence where individuals explore their sense of self and develop a personal identity.
What is polygenic inheritance?
A type of inheritance where multiple genes influence a single trait, resulting in a range of phenotypes.
What is the importance of folic acid during pregnancy?
Folic acid helps prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus during early pregnancy.
What are some major causes of infertility in women?
Hormonal imbalances, ovulation disorders, or structural issues in the reproductive system.
What is developmental psychology?
A branch of psychology that studies the psychological changes that occur throughout the lifespan.