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Plant Cells
Organelles
Animal cells
Vocabulary
None
100
What are chloroplasts? What are their function?
Chloroplasts are a type of plastid. They are green structures found in plant cells and are responsible for making food/energy for the cell using sunlight. This process is called photosynthesis.
100
Which organelle is responsible for making ATP? What is the function of ATP?
ATP molecules are made in mitochondria. ATP molecules provide energy for the cell.
100
Where are ribosomes found?
In the cytoplasm and on RER.
100
What is a Eukaryotic cell?
A cell that contains a nucleus.
200
Are mitochondria organelles found in plant cells?
YES!
200
What are centrioles? What do they do?
"centrioles are very important in cellular division. Centrioles arrange the spindles that separate the chromosomes. "
200
Describe the difference between animal cells and viruses? Are viruses living organisms?
viruses are mostly just DNA and are not considered to be living because they lack many of the basic characteristics need for them to be considered a living organism.
200
How is a Eukaryotic cell different from a prokaryotic cell?
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and several other types of organelles that are not found in prokaryotic cells.
300
How is the outermost layer of a plant cell different from the outermost layer of an animal cell?
The outermost layer of a plant cell is called the cell wall. The cell wall is a rigid structure that surrounds the plasma membrane of the plant cell. The cell wall contains tiny pores that allow nutrients to move into and out of the cell. The outermost layer of an animal cell is the plasma membrane.
300
What do ribosomes do?
They are the site of protein production
300
Explain the endosymbiotic theory.
“cientists think that mitochondria were once free-living organisms because they contain their own DNA. They theorize that ancient prokaryotes infected (or were engulfed by) larger prokaryotic cells, and the two organisms evolved a symbiotic relationship that benefited both of them. The larger cells provided the smaller prokaryotes with a place to live. In return, the larger cells got extra energy from the smaller prokaryotes. Eventually, the prokaryotes became permanent guests of the larger cells, as organelles inside them.” Excerpt From: CK-12 Foundation. “CK-12 Biology Interactive Edition.” CK-12 Foundation, 2012. iBooks. https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewBook?id=574071922
300
What are organelles?
an organelle is a structure within the cytoplasm that performs a specific job in the cell.
400
Describe the central vacuole of a plant cell.
this structure is found in most plant cells. This structure can take up as much as 90% of the cell's volume. Functions: storing substances, helps surtaxes of plant cells maintain their shape, and give come flowers their colors.
400
What are the 3 main functions of the cytoplasm?
1.) suspending cell organelles 2.) Pushes agains the plasma membrane to help maintain the cell maintain its shape. 3.) Provides a site for the biochemical reactions of the cells.
400
Who is Leeuwenhoek?
“He saw tiny living things with a single cell that he named animalcules (“tiny animals”). Today, we call Leeuwenhoek’s animalcules bacteria.” Excerpt From: CK-12 Foundation. “CK-12 Biology Interactive Edition.” CK-12 Foundation, 2012. iBooks. https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewBook?id=574071922
400
What are cilia and flagella?
Cilia and flagella are extensions of the plasma membrane of many cells. These structures help the organism move.
500
Plant cells have special structures that are not found in animal cells. What are these structures and what are their functions?
- Cell wall: supports and protects the cells - Large central vacuole: Stores and transports materials inside the cell. - Plastids: chromoplasts (store pigments), leucoplasts(store substances), and chloroplasts (make food for the plant.)
500
Describe the structure and function of the plasma membrane (phospholipid bilayer).
The plasma membrane is composted of phospholipids. These structures form two layers called a phospholipid bilayer. Each phospholipid molecules has a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails. The tails are on the interior of the membrane, and the heads point outward.
500
Describe the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus.
“t receives items (proteins from the ER), packages and labels them, and then sends them on to their destinations (to different parts of the cell or to the cell membrane for transport out of the cell). The Golgi apparatus is also involved in the transport of lipids around the cell” Excerpt From: CK-12 Foundation. “CK-12 Biology Interactive Edition.” CK-12 Foundation, 2012. iBooks. https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewBook?id=574071922
500
What is the meaning of hydrophobic and hydrophilic?
hydrophobic--> water hating hydrophilic --> water loving