10th Grade Final Exam Review 2

Romeo & Juliet

The Count of Monte Cristo

The Scarlet Letter

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Wild Card

100

Daughter of the House of Capulet

Juliet

100

The Count of Monte Cristo is set during what time period?

The Napoleonic Wars

100

Who was Nathaniel Hawthorne and why did he write The Scarlet Letter?

Nathaniel Hawthorne was a 19th-century American novelist known for his dark romanticism. He wrote "The Scarlet Letter" to explore themes of sin, guilt, and redemption, influenced by his Puritan ancestry and critical views on societal norms and moral hypocrisy.

100

In what era of United States History is Uncle Tom's Cabin set?

1851-1852; pre-Civil War

100

How old was Juliet in Romeo and Juliet?

13, nearly 14 years old

200

Son of the House of Montague

Romeo

200

When was Lord Byron memorialized in Westminster Abbey and why did it take so long?

Lord Byron was memorialized in Westminster Abbey on May 8, 1969. This recognition came 145 years after his death in 1824. The delay in memorializing Byron in Westminster Abbey can be attributed to several factors:

Scandalous Lifestyle:

Personal Scandals: Lord Byron was known for his tumultuous personal life, which included numerous love affairs and controversies. His behavior was considered scandalous and morally questionable by many in his time.
Social Ostracism: Due to his reputation, Byron faced social ostracism, particularly from the more conservative segments of society, which would have included many influential figures who might have had a say in his commemoration in such a prestigious venue.

Political Views:

Radical Politics: Byron held and expressed radical political views, including support for the Italian Carbonari (a revolutionary group) and his active involvement in the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire.
Criticism of Establishment: His criticism of established institutions, including the British government and the church, further alienated him from those in power who could have facilitated his immediate recognition in Westminster Abbey.

200

Read the following quote from The Scarlet Letter. Identify the type of figurative language being used and explain the comparison being made.

"Sometimes a light glimmered out of the physician's eyes, like the reflection of a furnace, or, let us say, like one of those gleams of ghastly fire that darted from Bunyan's awful door-way in the hill-side, and quivered on the pilgrim's face."

the physician's eyes are being compared to the flame in a furnace--this means that his eyes have a sort of "evil glow" to them

This is a simile because it uses the word 'like' to compare to different things that are united by one common attribute they share.

200

Name two reasons why Uncle Tom's Cabin has historically been a controversial book.

Portrayal of Slavery:

The novel's depiction of the horrors of slavery and its condemnation of the institution were controversial in the antebellum South, where slavery was deeply entrenched. Southerners viewed the book as an attack on their way of life and a threat to their economic interests.

Racial Stereotypes:

Critics have argued that "Uncle Tom's Cabin" perpetuates racial stereotypes, particularly in its portrayal of Uncle Tom himself. Some have criticized the character of Uncle Tom as being too submissive and docile, reinforcing the stereotype of the "happy slave" who accepts his fate without resistance.

Abolitionist Agenda:

As an abolitionist novel, "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was controversial for its explicit advocacy of the abolition of slavery and its portrayal of slaveholders as morally bankrupt and cruel. The novel's strong anti-slavery message sparked heated debates and political controversy in the years leading up to the Civil War.

Impact on Public Opinion:

"Uncle Tom's Cabin" had a significant impact on public opinion in the North and abroad, galvanizing support for the abolitionist cause and raising awareness about the injustices of slavery. However, its portrayal of slavery and race relations was controversial and polarizing, leading to fierce debates about its accuracy and impact.

Reception by African Americans:

While "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was celebrated by many abolitionists as a powerful indictment of slavery, some African Americans criticized the novel for its portrayal of black characters and its romanticization of white savior figures. Critics argued that the novel failed to fully capture the complexities of the African American experience and perpetuated racial stereotypes.

200

Nathaniel Hawthorne was so ashamed of his ancestors he did this...

Changed the spelling of his last name to disassociate from his great grandfather who had been involved in the Salem Witch Trials

300

Who says, "A curse upon both your houses" before dying in the play?

Mercutio, after having been slain by Tybalt.

300

What did Romanticism think/believe/teach about God/religion and nature? Explain with some detail.

Personal Spirituality:

Individual Experience: Romantics emphasized personal and emotional experiences of the divine rather than formal, institutionalized religion. They believed that each individual could have a direct, personal relationship with God.
Mysticism: There was a tendency towards mysticism, where people sought deeper, often ecstatic experiences of the divine.

Pantheism and Immanence:

God in Nature: Many Romantics embraced pantheistic views, seeing God as present in all aspects of nature. This belief that God is immanent in nature contrasts with the traditional view of a distant, transcendent deity.
Sacredness of Nature: Nature itself was seen as a manifestation of the divine, with the natural world being revered as sacred.

Critique of Organized Religion:

Rejection of Dogma: Romantics often criticized the rigidity and dogma of organized religion. They rejected the Enlightenment's rationalism and its influence on religion, preferring a more emotional and intuitive approach to faith.
Human Connection to the Divine: They emphasized the potential for human beings to connect with the divine through art, nature, and personal introspection rather than through church doctrines.

Nature as a Source of Inspiration:

Sublime and Beautiful: Romantics saw nature as a source of beauty, inspiration, and the sublime—a feeling of awe and wonder mixed with terror at the vastness and power of the natural world.
Emotional Connection: They believed that a deep, emotional connection with nature could lead to spiritual and personal growth.

Nature as a Reflection of the Soul:

Mirroring Emotions: Nature was often depicted as a mirror of human emotions and moods. The changing landscapes and weather in Romantic literature and art frequently reflect the inner lives of individuals.
Symbolism: Natural elements were used symbolically to represent complex human experiences and emotions.

Nature as a Moral and Spiritual Guide:

Source of Wisdom: Romantics believed that nature could teach important moral and spiritual lessons. Observing and interacting with the natural world was seen as a way to gain insight and wisdom.
Healing Power: They also viewed nature as having a healing power, capable of restoring and rejuvenating the human spirit.

300

Read the following quote from The Scarlet Letter. Identify the type of figurative language being used. Explain the comparison being made.

"Will the soul of the sufferer be dissolved, and flow forth in a dark, but transparent stream, bringing all its mysteries into the daylight."

Here the soul is said to be flowing and dissolving. The soul is said to be a river flowing through dark places in the forest and eventually into the sunlight.

This is a metaphor.

300

How does the theme of suffering appear in the novel? Describe how 2 characters deal with this theme in different ways. Provide some detail.

Uncle Tom:

Uncle Tom endures immense suffering as a result of his enslavement, experiencing physical abuse, emotional anguish, and spiritual torment. Despite his hardships, Tom remains steadfast in his faith and moral integrity, finding solace and strength in his Christian beliefs.
Tom's approach to suffering is characterized by resilience and unwavering devotion to his principles. He refuses to compromise his values or betray his fellow slaves, even in the face of extreme cruelty and injustice.
Throughout the novel, Tom's capacity to endure suffering with grace and compassion serves as a powerful example of the resilience of the human spirit and the transformative power of faith.

Eliza Harris:

Eliza Harris experiences suffering as she grapples with the threat of separation from her young son, Harry. Faced with the prospect of losing her child to slavery, Eliza makes the courageous decision to flee, embarking on a perilous journey to seek freedom.
Eliza's approach to suffering is characterized by determination and maternal instinct. She draws upon her inner strength and resourcefulness to overcome obstacles and navigate the dangers of her escape, driven by her love for her son and her desire to secure a better future for him.
Throughout the novel, Eliza's resilience and sacrifice serve as a powerful testament to the lengths a mother will go to protect her child from suffering and oppression.

George Harris:

George Harris experiences suffering as he grapples with the dehumanizing effects of slavery and the desire for freedom. Faced with the prospect of being sold away from his wife and child, George resolves to escape from bondage and seek a better life in the North.
George's approach to suffering is characterized by defiance and determination. He refuses to accept the injustices of slavery and takes decisive action to secure his freedom, risking his life in pursuit of liberty.
Throughout the novel, George's determination and resilience serve as a powerful indictment of the institution of slavery and a testament to the human capacity to overcome adversity in the pursuit of justice and dignity.

Topsy:

Topsy experiences suffering as a result of her upbringing in slavery, facing abuse, neglect, and a lack of love and affection. Despite her difficult circumstances, Topsy exhibits a resilient and spirited demeanor, finding ways to cope with her suffering through humor and mischief.
Topsy's approach to suffering is characterized by resilience and a desire for acceptance and love. She longs for a sense of belonging and struggles to reconcile her past experiences with her desire for a better life.
Throughout the novel, Topsy's journey toward self-acceptance and redemption serves as a poignant exploration of the human capacity to overcome suffering and find hope and belonging in the face of adversity.

300

On which island was Napoleon in prison when he met Edmond Dantes in the novel?

Elba

400

The cute and common name for cats, Tibby, comes from this character's name.

Tybalt

400

What is Villefort's motivating force during novel? Name 2 things and explain with some detail.

Ambition

Career Advancement: Villefort is deeply ambitious and seeks to advance his career as a public prosecutor. He is willing to make significant personal sacrifices and moral compromises to climb the social and political ladder.
Political Maneuvering: He uses his position to align himself with the ruling powers, showing a willingness to shift allegiances to benefit his career. For instance, he distances himself from his Bonapartist father to gain favor with the royalist regime.

Self-Preservation

Protecting His Position: Villefort is highly motivated by the need to protect his reputation and social standing. This leads him to take drastic measures to cover up any potential scandals or threats to his career.
Suppressing Scandals: When Edmond Dantès is found with a letter that could implicate Villefort’s father, Villefort immediately decides to imprison Dantès without trial to prevent the letter from coming to light. This decision is driven by his desire to avoid any connection to Bonapartists, which could damage his career.

Power and Control

Authority: Villefort enjoys the power and authority his position grants him. He uses his influence to manipulate legal and political outcomes to his advantage.
Manipulation: He often manipulates people and situations to maintain control and ensure his dominance in the judicial and political arenas.

Fear of Exposure

Dark Secrets: Villefort has several dark secrets that he fears could be exposed, including his illegitimate child with Madame Danglars and his involvement in multiple unethical actions. The fear of these secrets coming to light propels many of his actions.
Desperation: His desperation to keep his secrets hidden leads him to commit further immoral acts, including attempting to cover up the existence of his illegitimate son, which ultimately backfires.

Familial Duty

Protecting Family Reputation: Although Villefort’s primary focus is on his own status, he also seeks to protect the overall reputation of his family. This includes making decisions to ensure his wife and children are seen as respectable members of society.
Conflict with Personal Ambition: His familial duties often conflict with his personal ambition, leading to internal and external conflicts that complicate his life and decisions.

400

Read the following quote from The Scarlet Letter. Identify what type of figurative language is being used and explain the comparison.

" 'Mother,' said little Pearl, 'the sunshine does not love you. It runs away and hides itself, because it is afraid of something on your bosom. Now, see! There it is, playing, a good way off. Stand you here, and let me run and catch it. I am but a child. It will not flee from me; for I wear nothing on my bosom yet!'"

Here, Pearl says that the sunshine can run away because it's afraid of what Hester has on her chest (the scarlet A).

This is an example of personification because sunshine is being given a human attribute (running). The message is that the light/sunshine does not often settle on Hester and this also communicates a symbolic message.

400

What key scriptures were used in the support of the continuation of slavery in this book? What key scriptures can be used in the support of the abolishment of slavery? Explain.

Genesis 9:25-27:

This passage describes Noah cursing his son Ham's descendants to be "servants of servants." Some interpreted this as a justification for the enslavement of African people, who were believed by some to be descendants of Ham.

Exodus 21:2-6:

These verses outline regulations for Hebrew indentured servants, allowing for their release after six years of service. However, some slaveholders used these regulations to justify the perpetual enslavement of African people, arguing that they were not bound by the same rules as Hebrew slaves.

Ephesians 6:5-9 and Colossians 3:22-25:

These New Testament passages instruct slaves to obey their masters as they would obey Christ, and masters to treat their slaves justly and fairly. Slaveholders used these verses to justify the institution of slavery and to assert their authority over enslaved individuals.

Titus 2:9-10:

This passage admonishes slaves to be obedient to their masters and to please them in everything. It was often cited by slaveholders to reinforce the idea of slaves' subservience and obedience.

Philemon 1:10-16:

This letter from Paul to Philemon addresses the return of a runaway slave named Onesimus to his master. While the letter encourages Philemon to receive Onesimus back with kindness, it does not explicitly condemn slavery, leading some to argue that it condones the institution.

It's important to note that while these passages were used to justify slavery, they were also interpreted and reinterpreted in various ways by abolitionists and opponents of slavery who found in the Bible principles of justice, equality, and human dignity that contradicted the institution of slavery.

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Exodus 3:7-10:

This passage describes God's concern for the suffering of the Israelites in Egypt and his promise to deliver them from bondage. Abolitionists drew parallels between the Israelites' liberation from slavery and the plight of enslaved African Americans, using this passage to advocate for emancipation.

Isaiah 61:1:

This verse prophesies the coming of the Messiah who will "proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to those who are bound." Abolitionists interpreted this as a divine mandate to fight against slavery and to work for the liberation of the oppressed.

Galatians 3:28:

This verse declares, "There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is no male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus." Abolitionists pointed to this passage to emphasize the equality and inherent dignity of all individuals, regardless of their social status or background.

Philemon 1:15-16:

In his letter to Philemon, Paul urges Philemon to receive his runaway slave Onesimus "no longer as a slave but more than a slave, as a beloved brother." Abolitionists interpreted this as an affirmation of the humanity and worth of enslaved individuals, arguing that they should be treated as equals rather than as property.

Matthew 25:31-46:

This passage, known as the Parable of the Sheep and the Goats, describes the final judgment and emphasizes the importance of caring for the vulnerable and oppressed. Abolitionists invoked this passage to highlight the moral imperative to fight against injustice and to advocate for the rights of the oppressed, including enslaved individuals.

These scriptures, among others, provided moral and theological justification for the abolitionist movement in the United States, inspiring activists to work tirelessly for the end of slavery and the establishment of equality and justice for all.

400

What is this structure and what city is it located in?

The balcony belongs to the aptly named La Casa di Giulietta, or House of Juliet, the former home of the Cappello family and the inspiration for the Capulets. Love-struck couples linger in the garden, pose for pictures on the balcony, or attach letters filled with sweet nothings to the walls. It is located in Verona, Italy.

500

The party that both Romeo and Juliet attend and first meet at was modeled after a typical party called a __________ which is associated with this city:_________.

Masquerade Ball (masked ball)

Venice, Italy

500

What is Edmond Dantes' motivation during the Count of Monte Cristo. Name 2 things and explain with some detail.

Revenge

Primary Motivation: The driving force behind Edmond's actions for much of the novel is his desire for revenge against those who betrayed him and caused his unjust imprisonment. This includes Danglars, Fernand Mondego, Gérard de Villefort, and Caderousse.
Detailed Plans: His meticulous and carefully planned schemes to ruin the lives of his enemies are fueled by his need to see justice served for the suffering they caused him.

Justice

Sense of Justice: Alongside revenge, Edmond seeks a sense of justice. He believes that those who committed heinous acts against him should face the consequences of their actions.
Moral Justification: Initially, Edmond sees his revenge as morally justified, viewing himself as an agent of divine retribution.

Transformation and Identity

Reinventing Himself: After escaping from the Château d'If and discovering the treasure on the Isle of Monte Cristo, Edmond adopts a new identity as the Count of Monte Cristo. This transformation allows him to shed his past and approach his goals with a new sense of purpose and power.
Control and Power: As the Count, Edmond gains immense control and influence, which he uses to manipulate events and people to achieve his ends.

Rediscovering Humanity

Conflict with Revenge: Over time, Edmond's relentless pursuit of revenge leads him to moments of introspection and doubt. He begins to question the morality of his actions and the true cost of his vengeance on both himself and others.
Acts of Mercy: His interactions with characters like Mercedes, Albert, Maximilian Morrel, and Valentine Villefort help him rediscover his humanity and capacity for mercy.

Love and Loyalty

Love for Mercedes: Despite his transformation, Edmond's love for Mercedes remains a significant motivation. Her presence and suffering make him reflect on the personal toll of his revenge.
Loyalty to Friends: Edmond remains loyal to the memory of those who were kind to him, such as the Morrel family. He ensures that his loyal friends and benefactors are rewarded and protected.

500

What do you know about Puritanism and Puritan culture from the Expository Project experience and how does it relate to The Scarlet Letter. Explain with some detail.

Answers Will Vary

500

Typologically, who/what does Mr. Shelby's character in Uncle Tom's Cabin represent? Be detailed.

Affable and Hospitable:

Mr. Shelby is portrayed as kind-hearted and affable, treating his slaves with a degree of kindness and respect compared to other slaveowners. He maintains a friendly demeanor and is well-regarded in the community.

Paternalistic Attitude:

Like many Southern gentlemen, Mr. Shelby holds paternalistic views toward his slaves. He believes that he is benevolently providing for their well-being, even though they are considered his property.

Financially Responsible:

Mr. Shelby is depicted as financially responsible and concerned about his family's welfare. He is forced to sell Uncle Tom and other slaves to pay off his debts, reflecting the economic pressures faced by many Southern plantation owners.

Reluctance to Uphold Slavery:

Despite his status as a slaveowner, Mr. Shelby exhibits some moral qualms about the institution of slavery. He is portrayed as conflicted about selling Uncle Tom and regrets having to do so, indicating a sense of moral ambiguity regarding the practice of slavery.

Cultural Norms and Expectations:

Mr. Shelby's actions and attitudes are shaped by the cultural norms and expectations of the antebellum South. He adheres to the societal conventions of his time, including the belief in the superiority of the white race and the acceptance of slavery as a social institution.

500

Who said this quote and in which novel?
"Here is your final lesson - do not commit the crime for which you now serve the sentence. God said, 'Vengeance is mine.'"

Abbe Faria to Edmond Dantes in The Count of Monte Cristo

600

This character who tries to convince Juliet's father to let him marry his daughter, is played by Paul Rudd in the 1996 film version of the play.

Paris

600

What happens in the exposition (introduction) of The Count of Monte Cristo? Speak about at least 3 major points with sufficient detail.

Setting the Scene

The novel begins in 1815, just after the fall of Napoleon, during the Bourbon Restoration in France. The opening scenes are set in Marseille, a bustling port city in southern France.

Introduction of Main Characters

Edmond Dantès:

Young Sailor: Edmond Dantès is a young and promising sailor aboard the ship Pharaon. He is first introduced as the ship arrives in Marseille.
Engaged: He is engaged to the beautiful Mercedes and is excited about their upcoming wedding.
Promotion: The ship's owner, Monsieur Morrel, intends to promote Edmond to captain of the Pharaon due to his competence and loyalty.

Mercedes:

Fiancée: Mercedes is Edmond's fiancée, deeply in love with him and eagerly anticipating their marriage.

Danglars:

Ship’s Purser: Danglars is the jealous and cunning purser of the Pharaon who envies Edmond's rapid rise and success.

Fernand Mondego:

Rival in Love: Fernand is in love with Mercedes and is jealous of Edmond, viewing him as a rival.

Caderousse:

Neighbor: Caderousse is a neighbor and supposed friend of Edmond, but harbors jealousy and resentment.

Plot Development

Return to Marseille:

Arrival: The novel opens with the arrival of the Pharaon in Marseille. Edmond takes over command after the captain dies during the voyage.
Report: Edmond reports to Monsieur Morrel, the shipowner, about their journey and the death of Captain Leclère.

Delivering a Letter:

Secret Mission: Before the captain died, he entrusted Edmond with a letter to be delivered to Napoleon’s supporters on the Isle of Elba, unaware that this will lead to trouble.

Conflict Establishment:

Jealousy and Conspiracy:

Plot Against Edmond: Danglars, Fernand, and Caderousse conspire against Edmond out of jealousy and spite. Danglars writes an anonymous letter accusing Edmond of being a Bonapartist agent and plotting against the king.

Arrest and Imprisonment:

Betrayal: On the day of his betrothal feast, Edmond is arrested based on the false charges written in the letter.
Villefort’s Role: Edmond is brought before Gérard de Villefort, the deputy crown prosecutor, who initially seems sympathetic. However, upon discovering that the letter Edmond carried was addressed to Villefort’s father, a Bonapartist, Villefort decides to imprison Edmond to protect his own career.

Conclusion of Exposition:

Imprisonment in Château d'If: Edmond is unjustly imprisoned in the Château d'If, an island fortress, setting the stage for his transformation and the development of the central themes of betrayal, revenge, and justice that drive the rest of the novel.

600

How does Hester Prynne develop as a character throughout The Scarlet Letter? Explain with some detail.

Overall, Hester's journey in "The Scarlet Letter" is one of resilience, self-discovery, and ultimately, redemption. She evolves from a symbol of shame and sin into a symbol of strength, compassion, and moral integrity.

600

Typologically, what/who does Augustine St. Clare's character represent in Uncle Tom's Cabin? Be detailed.

Intellectual Enlightenment and Sophistication:

Augustine is depicted as a highly educated and intellectually sophisticated individual. His character embodies qualities of refinement, cultural awareness, and progressive thinking.

Cultural Critique and Moral Ambiguity:

Augustine is critical of the societal norms and conventions of his time, particularly regarding race and slavery. He recognizes the moral injustice of slavery but is ambivalent about taking decisive action to combat it.

Privilege and Entitlement:

Augustine comes from a wealthy and privileged background, which affords him a life of comfort and luxury. His character symbolizes the entrenched privilege and entitlement of the Southern aristocracy.

Spiritual Indifference and Skepticism:

Augustine is depicted as spiritually indifferent and skeptical of organized religion. He questions the validity of religious institutions and rituals, preferring to focus on intellectual pursuits.

Tragic Flaws and Internal Conflict:

Augustine's character is marked by tragic flaws, including indecision and moral apathy. Despite his awareness of the injustices of slavery, he struggles to take decisive action to address them.

600

In the film The Count of Monte Cristo, Luigi Vampa gives Edmond Dantes a nickname. What is the nickname and what does it mean?

Zatara- Driftwood

700

Baz Luhrman chose this guy to play the part of who in the 1996 film version of the play? What function does this character have in the play and film?

Friar Lawrence: He's the spiritual advisor for both Romeo and Juliet but he fills the role of mentor to Romeo and he is always trying to fix things but in the end he ends up making them worse through his dishonesty (although motivated by good intentions).

700

What important work did Byron write that we read in class. What was this work about and how is it related to Romanticism? Of 7 possible focuses, talk about 2. Explain with sufficient detail.

Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

Introduction of the Byronic Hero

Character Archetype: The poem introduced the archetype of the Byronic hero, characterized by a brooding, complex personality, deep emotional conflicts, and a sense of alienation. This character type became a staple in Romantic literature and influenced numerous other works and authors.
Personal Reflection: Byron imbued the protagonist, Childe Harold, with many of his own traits, blending autobiographical elements with fiction. This personal touch added depth to the character and made the Byronic hero relatable and compelling.

Exploration of Individualism and Subjectivity

Emphasis on Personal Experience: The poem emphasizes the importance of personal experience and individual emotional response, key tenets of Romanticism. Byron's introspective and subjective approach resonated with the Romantic emphasis on the individual's inner life and emotions.
Emotional Depth: "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" delves into themes of existential angst, longing, and melancholy, capturing the Romantic era's fascination with intense, often contradictory emotions.

Critique of Society and Civilization

Social Commentary: The poem includes sharp critiques of contemporary society, politics, and cultural norms. Byron's disdain for the corruption and hypocrisy of society reflected the Romantic skepticism toward the established order and the Industrial Revolution's impact on humanity.
Rebellion and Freedom: By exploring themes of rebellion and the quest for personal freedom, Byron tapped into the Romantic ideal of breaking free from societal constraints and exploring one's own path.

Celebration of Nature

Nature as a Refuge: Like many Romantic works, "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" celebrates nature as a source of inspiration, solace, and spiritual renewal. The vivid descriptions of landscapes reflect the Romantic idealization of nature as pure and sublime.
Emotional Landscapes: Byron's portrayal of natural scenes often mirrors the protagonist's emotional state, exemplifying the Romantic technique of using nature to reflect inner experiences.

Innovative Style and Structure

Spensarian Stanza: Byron employed the Spensarian stanza, a challenging and elaborate verse form, demonstrating his technical skill and contributing to the poem's rhythmic and lyrical qualities.
Narrative and Lyricism: The poem combines narrative elements with lyrical introspection, creating a blend that was innovative for its time and influenced subsequent Romantic poetry.

Cultural and Historical Impact

Immediate Success: Upon publication, "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" achieved immediate success and catapulted Byron to fame. The work captured the public's imagination and became a defining piece of the Romantic era.
Influence on Romantic Literature: The poem influenced many contemporary and later writers, shaping the development of Romantic literature. Byron's style, themes, and character types resonated with the cultural and artistic movements of the time.

Autobiographical Elements

Byron's Persona: The poem's autobiographical elements helped create the myth of Byron as the quintessential Romantic poet. His own life, marked by adventure, scandal, and rebellion, mirrored the themes of his poetry and added to his allure.
Public Fascination: Byron's candid exploration of his own experiences and emotions captivated readers and contributed to the Romantic emphasis on the artist's personal vision and authenticity.

700

How are shadow and light used in The Scarlet Letter? Provide sufficient detail.

Shadow as Sin and Guilt:

The scarlet letter itself casts a shadow over Hester Prynne, symbolizing her sin and the guilt associated with it. It serves as a constant reminder of her transgression and the consequences she must endure.
Dimmesdale's hidden sin casts a figurative shadow over him, leading to his inner torment and spiritual decay. The weight of his guilt manifests in physical ailments and psychological anguish.

Light as Truth and Redemption:

Light is associated with truth and redemption throughout the novel. Hester's decision to embrace her sin and reveal the truth in the marketplace scene is described as a moment of "radiance," symbolizing her acceptance and redemption.
Pearl is often described as a source of light in Hester's life, representing purity, innocence, and hope. She serves as a catalyst for Hester's transformation and eventual redemption.
The forest scenes, where characters experience moments of honesty and self-reflection, are bathed in natural light. Here, characters can confront their inner truths away from the judgmental gaze of society.

Contrast and Symbolism:

The contrast between shadow and light underscores the novel's themes of sin and redemption, secrecy and honesty, and appearance versus reality.
Symbolically, shadow represents the darkness of human nature, the consequences of sin, and the oppressive nature of Puritan society. Light, on the other hand, symbolizes truth, enlightenment, and the possibility of redemption and spiritual renewal.

700

Typologically, who/what does Eva's character in Uncle Tom's Cabin represent? Be detailed.

Innocence and Purity:

Eva is portrayed as a pure and innocent child, untouched by the evils of the world around her. Her character embodies qualities of kindness, empathy, and compassion.

Symbol of Christian Love:

Eva exemplifies Christian ideals of love and compassion, treating all individuals with kindness and empathy regardless of their race or social status

Voice for Abolitionism:

Eva's moral clarity and condemnation of slavery serve as a voice for abolitionism in the novel. Her rejection of societal norms and insistence on treating all individuals with dignity and respect challenge the status quo.

Representation of Spiritual Transcendence:

Eva's character undergoes a spiritual transformation throughout the novel, culminating in her deathbed scene where she expresses a profound sense of peace and acceptance.

Contrast to Other Characters:

Eva's character stands in contrast to other characters in the novel, particularly those who embody the evils of slavery. Her innocence and purity highlight the moral depravity of characters like Simon Legree.

700

The author of The Count of Monte Cristo, Alexandre Dumas, is also famous for writing which other novels? Name one.

The Three Musketeers
The Prince of Thieves
The Nutcracker
The Man In The Iron Mask

And many, many more...

800

What kind of mother is Lady Capulet to Juliet? Give sufficient detail in your description.

Distant and Formal

Lack of Closeness: Lady Capulet is not very close to Juliet. Their relationship is formal and distant, lacking the warmth and intimacy you might expect between a mother and daughter. Juliet often turns to her Nurse for comfort and advice instead of her mother.

Obedient to Social Norms

Traditional Views: Lady Capulet follows the customs and expectations of their social class and time period. She believes in arranging a good marriage for Juliet and expects Juliet to be obedient and compliant. She doesn't really consider Juliet's personal feelings or desires.

Supportive of Marriage to Paris

Encouraging the Match: Lady Capulet is enthusiastic about the idea of Juliet marrying Paris, a wealthy and suitable match. She praises Paris's qualities and encourages Juliet to accept the proposal, showing that she is more concerned with social status and propriety than Juliet's happiness.

Lacks Understanding

Not Understanding Juliet: Lady Capulet often misunderstands Juliet's feelings and needs. For example, when Juliet refuses to marry Paris, Lady Capulet dismisses her daughter's emotions and insists on the marriage. She doesn't take the time to listen to or understand Juliet's point of view.

Submissive to Lord Capulet

Following Her Husband's Lead: Lady Capulet is submissive to her husband, Lord Capulet, and follows his decisions regarding Juliet. She doesn't challenge his authority or stand up for Juliet when Lord Capulet becomes angry with her for refusing to marry Paris.

800

What happens in the conflict/rising action of The Count of Monte Cristo? Speak about at least 4 of the 7 key events/elements that could be included with sufficient detail.

Imprisonment and Despair

Château d'If: Edmond is unjustly imprisoned in the Château d'If, a fortress prison, without a trial. He initially falls into despair, believing he will never be freed and that his life is over.

Meeting Abbé Faria

A Mentor and Friend: Edmond meets Abbé Faria, a fellow prisoner, who becomes his mentor and friend. Faria is a learned man who educates Edmond in various subjects, including languages, history, science, and philosophy.
Revelation: Faria deduces the conspiracy against Edmond and helps him understand who was responsible for his imprisonment—Danglars, Fernand, and Villefort.

The Treasure of Monte Cristo

Secret Treasure: Faria reveals to Edmond the existence of a vast treasure hidden on the Isle of Monte Cristo. Before dying, Faria gives Edmond the location and instructions on how to find the treasure.
Escape: Using his newfound knowledge and skills, Edmond escapes from prison after 14 years by taking Faria's place in a burial sack.

Discovery of the Treasure

Finding the Treasure: Edmond finds the treasure on the Isle of Monte Cristo, which provides him with immense wealth. This newfound wealth becomes the tool for his plans for revenge and justice.

Transformation into The Count

New Identity: Edmond reinvents himself as the Count of Monte Cristo, a mysterious and wealthy nobleman. This new identity allows him to move within the highest circles of society and carry out his plans.
Planning Revenge: The Count meticulously plans his revenge against those who wronged him—Danglars, Fernand (now Count de Morcerf), Villefort, and Caderousse.

Returning to Society

Entering Parisian Society: The Count arrives in Paris and begins to integrate himself into the lives of his enemies. He uses his wealth, charm, and intelligence to gain influence and gather information.
Manipulating Events: The Count manipulates various events and people to set up the downfall of his enemies:
- Danglars: The Count targets Danglars’s financial status, leading to his eventual ruin.
- Fernand: He exposes Fernand’s betrayal and dishonorable past, leading to public disgrace.
- Villefort: The Count reveals Villefort’s darkest secrets, causing his family and professional life to collapse.
- Caderousse: The Count indirectly leads Caderousse into a series of misfortunes, resulting in his demise.

Aiding the Innocent

Helping the Good: Alongside his plans for revenge, the Count also assists those who were kind to him or suffered unjustly. He helps Morrel’s family, saves Valentine Villefort from poisoning, and supports Mercedes and her son Albert.

800

What do the names Dimmesdale and Chillingsworth symbolize in The Scarlet Letter? Provide sufficient details.

Dimmesdale: The name symbolizes the dimming of his moral and spiritual light, his hidden truth, and the duality of his public and private selves. It reflects his gradual decline due to guilt and the concealment of his sin.

Chillingworth: The name symbolizes coldness, a lack of empathy, and a chilling effect on others. It reflects his transformation into a vengeful and malevolent figure, driven by his obsessive quest for retribution.

800

Typologically, who/what does Tom's character in Uncle Tom's Cabin represent? Be detailed.

Representation of the Christian Ideal:

Tom embodies Christian virtues such as patience, forgiveness, and selflessness. His unwavering faith and moral integrity make him a Christ-like figure, symbolizing the ideal Christian in the face of adversity

Symbol of African American Humanity:

As an enslaved African American, Tom represents the humanity and dignity of his race. Despite the dehumanizing effects of slavery, he maintains his sense of self-worth and moral integrity

Voice for Anti-Slavery Sentiment:

Tom's suffering and eventual martyrdom serve as a powerful indictment of the institution of slavery. His tragic fate resonates with readers, inspiring empathy and outrage at the injustices of slavery.

Contrast to Other Characters:

Tom's character stands in contrast to other characters in the novel, particularly the cruel and morally bankrupt Simon Legree. His moral integrity and compassion highlight the depravity of Legree's character.

Representation of Redemption and Salvation:

Tom's ultimate sacrifice and forgiveness of his oppressors symbolize redemption and salvation. His death is portrayed as a triumph of spiritual strength over physical suffering, offering hope for a better future.

800

Which famous person did Harriet Beecher Stowe meet in in November 1862?

President Abraham Lincoln, at the White House

900

How can we describe Mercutio's personality and actions in the play?

Personality:

Witty and Humorous: Mercutio is known for his sharp wit and playful sense of humor. He loves to joke around and often uses puns and wordplay. His lively and entertaining personality adds a lot of energy to the scenes he is in.
Bold and Confident: Mercutio is very confident and enjoys being the center of attention. He is not afraid to speak his mind, even if it means making fun of others. His boldness sometimes leads him into trouble.
Loyal and Protective: Despite his playful nature, Mercutio is fiercely loyal to his friends, especially Romeo. He cares deeply about them and is willing to stand up for them, even if it means putting himself in danger.
Cynical and Skeptical: Mercutio does not believe in the romantic ideals that Romeo holds dear. He often mocks Romeo's feelings about love and has a more cynical view of life and relationships.

Actions:

Queen Mab Speech: One of Mercutio's most famous moments is his "Queen Mab" speech in Act 1, Scene 4. In this speech, he vividly describes the fairy Queen Mab, who visits people's dreams. This speech showcases his imaginative and playful side but also hints at his deeper cynicism about dreams and fantasies.
Encouraging Romeo: Mercutio encourages Romeo to go to the Capulet's party, where Romeo meets Juliet. He tries to lift Romeo's spirits and get him to move on from his infatuation with Rosaline.
Conflict with Tybalt: Mercutio's boldness leads to a deadly confrontation with Tybalt, Juliet's cousin, in Act 3, Scene 1. When Tybalt insults Romeo, Mercutio takes up the challenge to fight Tybalt himself. This shows his protective nature but also his impulsive and reckless side.
Death: During the fight with Tybalt, Mercutio is fatally wounded. Even in his dying moments, he makes a pun, saying, "Ask for me tomorrow, and you shall find me a grave man." His death is a turning point in the play, leading to a series of tragic events. Mercutio curses both the Montagues and Capulets with "A plague o' both your houses," showing his frustration with the senseless feud.

900

What are 2 of the key events that lead to the climax of The Count of Monte Cristo and what is the actual climax itself?

Key Events Leading to the Climax:

Revelation of Villefort’s Crimes:

Public Exposure: The Count orchestrates the public exposure of Gérard de Villefort’s crimes, including the dark secret of his illegitimate child and his role in the imprisonment of Edmond. This results in Villefort's complete disgrace and the unraveling of his family.

Destruction of Fernand (Count de Morcerf):

Revealing the Betrayal: The Count reveals Fernand's betrayal of Ali Pasha and his selling of Haydée and her mother into slavery, which destroys Fernand's reputation and leads to his social and political downfall.
Fernand’s Suicide: Confronted by his family’s rejection and his public disgrace, Fernand ultimately takes his own life.

Danglars’ Financial Ruin:

Bankruptcy: The Count manipulates the financial market to ruin Danglars, who loses his fortune and flees Paris in disgrace.
Capture and Humiliation: Danglars is captured by the bandit Luigi Vampa, who is in league with the Count, and is forced to pay exorbitant amounts for food and drink, leaving him penniless and humiliated.

The Climax Itself:

Villefort’s Family Tragedy:

Series of Poisonings: Villefort’s wife, Heloise, resorts to poisoning several family members to secure her son’s inheritance, a scheme that the Count indirectly contributes to through his manipulation of Villefort.
Confrontation: Villefort discovers his wife’s guilt and confronts her, leading to her suicide and the death of their son.
Villefort’s Madness: Overwhelmed by the destruction of his family and the exposure of his crimes, Villefort goes mad.

Edmond’s Realization:

Visit to Château d'If: The Count visits the Château d'If, where he once was imprisoned, and reflects on the nature of his quest for revenge.
Change of Heart: He begins to question the morality of his actions, realizing the immense suffering he has caused, not only to his enemies but also to innocent people like Mercedes and her son Albert.

900

What does the forest symbolize in The Scarlet Letter and how does this symbolism change over time. Provide sufficient detail.

Wilderness and Lawlessness:

Contrast to Puritan Society: Initially, the forest represents the untamed, wild nature that stands in stark contrast to the ordered and repressive Puritan society. It symbolizes a place where societal norms and laws do not apply, offering a stark counterpoint to the rigid rules and moral strictures of the community.
Perceived Evil: The Puritans view the forest as a place of darkness and evil, associated with the devil and witchcraft. It is a space where one can easily stray from the path of righteousness.

Freedom and Natural World:

Escape from Oppression: For Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale, the forest initially symbolizes a place of escape from the oppressive scrutiny of the Puritanical society. It is where they can meet in secret, away from the prying eyes of the townspeople.
Connection to Nature: The forest represents a natural world that is free from the artificial constraints of human laws and morality. It is a space where genuine emotions and natural human connections can flourish.

Sanctuary and Truth:

Place of Honest Communication: As the story progresses, the forest becomes a sanctuary where Hester and Dimmesdale can speak openly and honestly about their feelings and their plans for the future. It is a space where the truth can be revealed without fear of judgment.
Revelation and Reflection: The forest setting allows characters to reflect on their lives and their choices. It becomes a place of introspection and personal revelation, particularly for Dimmesdale, who struggles with his hidden sin and guilt.

Natural Law vs. Human Law:

Symbol of Natural Order: Over time, the forest comes to symbolize the natural law that stands in contrast to the human laws of the Puritan society. It represents the idea that human laws are not necessarily aligned with the true, inherent nature of humanity.
Embrace of True Identity: In the forest, Hester and Dimmesdale can momentarily embrace their true identities and their love for each other, unencumbered by the societal labels and punishments imposed upon them.

Transformation and Redemption:

Symbol of Change: By the end of the novel, the forest symbolizes the possibility of change and redemption. It is in the forest that Hester and Dimmesdale plan to leave behind their past and start anew, symbolizing a hope for a different future.
Dimmesdale’s Transformation: The forest plays a crucial role in Dimmesdale’s transformation as he moves towards confession and redemption. His time in the forest helps him gather the strength to acknowledge his sins publicly.

Pearl’s Connection to Nature:

Embodiment of Natural Spirit: Pearl, Hester’s daughter, is often associated with the forest and the natural world. Her free-spirited and wild nature is in harmony with the forest, symbolizing an innocence and truth that stands in contrast to the hypocrisy of the Puritan society.
Bridge Between Worlds: Pearl acts as a bridge between the wild, free world of the forest and the constrained, moralistic world of the Puritans. Her interactions in the forest highlight her innate connection to nature and her role as a living symbol of her parents' love and sin.

900

Typologically, who/what does Simon Legree's character in Uncle Tom's Cabin represent? Be detailed.

Brutality and Cruelty:

Legree is depicted as a cruel and sadistic slaveowner who ruthlessly exploits and mistreats his slaves. His character embodies the brutality and inhumanity of the institution of slavery.

Depravity and Moral Corruption:

Legree is morally bankrupt and devoid of empathy or compassion. His character symbolizes the moral corruption and degradation inherent in the slaveholding system.

Authoritarianism and Control:

Legree exercises absolute authority and control over his slaves, ruling through fear and intimidation. His character represents the tyranny and oppression of the slaveowner class.

Racial Supremacy and White Superiority:

Legree embodies the belief in white supremacy and the inherent superiority of the white race. He views his slaves as property to be exploited for his own gain, reflecting the dehumanizing ideology of slavery.

Symbol of Evil and Oppression:

Legree serves as a symbolic representation of evil and oppression in the novel. His character epitomizes the worst aspects of the slaveholding system, including violence, exploitation, and moral decay.

900

What is the name of the book that Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote in defense of Uncle Tom's Cabin?

The Key To Uncle Tom's Cabin

1000

Shakespeare's Tragedies all have the same elements. Name 3 of the 10 possible answers and explain briefly.

1. Tragic Hero

Noble Stature: The protagonist, or tragic hero, is often a person of high rank or noble stature.
Tragic Flaw (Hamartia): The hero possesses a flaw or makes an error in judgment (often referred to as a tragic flaw) that leads to their downfall. Common flaws include ambition, jealousy, and indecisiveness.
Downfall: The hero's flaw leads to a series of events that result in their ultimate downfall and often their death.

2. Good vs. Evil

Struggle: The plot often centers around the struggle between good and evil, both within the characters and in the external events of the play.
Moral Conflict: Characters often face moral dilemmas, highlighting the complexity of human nature and the consequences of their choices.

3. Supernatural Elements

Influence: Many Shakespearean tragedies include supernatural elements, such as ghosts, witches, or prophecies, which influence the characters and the plot. These elements add to the atmosphere of the play and often foreshadow events.
Example: In "Macbeth," the witches' prophecies play a crucial role in Macbeth's actions and his eventual downfall.

4. Catharsis

Emotional Release: The audience experiences catharsis, a sense of emotional release or purification, through the unfolding of the tragic events and the hero's suffering. This evokes feelings of pity and fear.
Resolution: Despite the tragic ending, there is often a sense of resolution or order being restored.

5. Tragic Waste

Loss of Potential: The play often involves the unnecessary loss of life, talent, and potential, emphasizing the waste brought about by the hero's downfall and the surrounding events.

6. Conflict

Internal and External: The protagonist faces both internal conflicts (emotional and psychological struggles) and external conflicts (battles, political intrigue, etc.).
Driving Force: These conflicts drive the plot forward and contribute to the hero's tragic journey.

7. Hubris

Excessive Pride: Hubris, or excessive pride and arrogance, is often a characteristic of the tragic hero, leading them to disregard warnings or violate moral codes, which contributes to their downfall.

8. Reversal (Peripeteia)

Turning Point: There is usually a reversal of fortune for the tragic hero, where things take a turn for the worse, leading to the inevitable tragic conclusion.

9. Anagnorisis

Recognition: The tragic hero often undergoes a moment of anagnorisis, or recognition, where they gain critical insight into their flaw and the consequences of their actions, usually too late to avert the tragic outcome.

10. Nemesis

Retribution: The concept of nemesis refers to the inevitable punishment or retribution that befalls the hero due to their hubris or tragic flaw.

1000

What are the typical characteristics of a Byronic hero? Discuss 3 of 8 possible answers and provide sufficient detail.

Intelligence and Cunning

Highly Intelligent: Byronic heroes are often depicted as highly intelligent and perceptive individuals. They possess sharp wit and keen insights into the human condition.
Strategic Thinking: Their intelligence allows them to manipulate situations to their advantage, often displaying a high degree of cunning and resourcefulness.

Emotional Depth and Complexity

Intense Emotions: Byronic heroes experience deep and often tumultuous emotions. They are capable of profound love, sorrow, and rage.
Inner Turmoil: They frequently grapple with inner conflicts and existential crises, making them complex and multi-faceted characters.

Rebelliousness and Defiance

Anti-Establishment: Byronic heroes typically defy societal norms and conventions. They are often in conflict with authority figures or societal expectations.
Nonconformity: Their rebellious nature makes them outsiders, and they often embrace their role as such, challenging the status quo.

Dark Past

Mysterious Background: Many Byronic heroes have a dark and mysterious past, often marked by some form of trauma or significant loss.
Haunted by Guilt: They are frequently haunted by guilt or remorse over their past actions, which contributes to their brooding and melancholic demeanor.

Arrogance and Confidence

Self-Assured: Byronic heroes exude confidence and often possess a sense of arrogance or superiority.
Charismatic: Despite their flaws, they have a magnetic charm and charisma that draws others to them.

Isolation and Alienation

Loners: Byronic heroes often feel isolated from society. This isolation can be self-imposed or a result of their rejection by society.
Misunderstood: They are frequently misunderstood by those around them, further deepening their sense of alienation.

Moral Ambiguity

Flawed Character: Byronic heroes are not traditional heroes; they possess significant flaws and can engage in morally ambiguous or outright immoral actions.
Complex Morality: Their sense of morality is complex and often conflicts with conventional ethics, making them anti-heroes rather than clear-cut villains.

Passionate Romanticism

Idealistic: Byronic heroes are often driven by a form of romantic idealism, whether in love, personal freedom, or artistic pursuits.
Unattainable Love: Their romantic relationships are usually intense and passionate but often doomed or unfulfilled, contributing to their sense of melancholy.

1000

Name one theme in The Scarlet Letter and explain how it develops in the novel with sufficient detail.

Sin and Redemption

Nature of Sin: The novel examines the effects of sin on the individual and society. Hester Prynne’s sin of adultery and its repercussions form the core of the story.
Guilt and Penitence: Hester's public punishment and Dimmesdale’s private guilt highlight different responses to sin. Hester seeks to atone and redeem herself through good deeds, while Dimmesdale's hidden guilt eats away at him, illustrating the destructive power of unconfessed sin.
Possibility of Redemption: The novel suggests that redemption is possible through personal growth, penitence, and acts of kindness, as seen in Hester's transformation over the years.

Individual vs. Society

Conformity and Rebellion: Hester's punishment by the Puritan society underscores the tension between individual desires and societal expectations. Her strength and resilience in the face of ostracism show her rebellion against societal norms.
Judgment and Hypocrisy: The novel critiques the hypocrisy of a society that publicly shames Hester while privately committing similar sins. Dimmesdale’s revered status contrasts with his concealed sin, highlighting societal double standards.

Identity and Isolation

Personal Identity: Hester's identity is initially defined by her sin and the scarlet letter she wears. Over time, she redefines herself through her actions and resilience, showing the fluid nature of identity.
Isolation: The scarlet letter isolates Hester from society, but it also allows her to develop a unique perspective and inner strength. Dimmesdale’s secret sin isolates him psychologically, leading to his physical and mental decline.

Nature of Evil

Evil and Revenge: Chillingworth embodies the theme of evil, transforming from a wronged husband into a figure of malevolent revenge. His obsession with punishing Dimmesdale illustrates how evil can consume and destroy.
Moral Ambiguity: The novel presents evil not as a simple concept but as something complex and intertwined with human motives and actions. Characters like Dimmesdale and Hester are depicted with moral complexity, challenging black-and-white notions of good and evil.

Public vs. Private Penitence

Public Punishment: Hester’s public shaming is intended to be a form of repentance. However, her dignified acceptance of her punishment and her charitable actions suggest that true repentance comes from within.
Private Guilt: Dimmesdale’s secret suffering contrasts with Hester’s public punishment. His inability to confess and seek forgiveness publicly leads to his downfall, suggesting that true penitence must be both internal and external.

The Role of Women

Strength and Independence: Hester is portrayed as a strong, independent woman who defies societal expectations. Her resilience and capability challenge traditional gender roles.
Motherhood: Hester’s role as a mother to Pearl is central to her identity. Through her relationship with Pearl, she finds purpose and strength, highlighting the importance of motherhood and female agency.

The Natural World

Symbol of Freedom: The forest represents a place of natural freedom and truth, contrasting with the oppressive society. It is where Hester and Dimmesdale can express their true selves away from societal judgment.
Connection to Inner Life: The natural world in the novel often mirrors the characters’ inner lives, with the forest symbolizing the complexity and depth of human emotions and desires.

1000

How does Harriet Beecher Stowe communicate the consequences of "good people doing nothing" through the stories of the characters in Uncle Tom's Cabin? Provide sufficient support for your claims.

Portrayal of Inaction:

Stowe depicts characters who witness the injustices of slavery but fail to take meaningful action to combat it. For example, characters like Augustine St. Clare and Miss Ophelia express moral objections to slavery but ultimately do little to actively oppose it.
Through their inaction, Stowe highlights the moral complacency and complicity of individuals who fail to challenge systemic injustices.

Consequences of Silence:

Characters who remain silent in the face of slavery, such as Mrs. Shelby and various Northern characters, indirectly perpetuate the institution by not speaking out against it.
Stowe illustrates how silence enables the continuation of slavery and allows systemic oppression to persist.

Tragic Outcomes:

The consequences of inaction are tragically illustrated through the fates of characters like Uncle Tom. Uncle Tom's passive acceptance of his fate leads to his death at the hands of Simon Legree.
Stowe demonstrates how the failure to act against injustice can result in devastating consequences for both individuals and society as a whole.

Character Development:

Some characters, such as George Harris and Eliza Harris, demonstrate the importance of taking action in the face of oppression. Through their courageous actions, they are able to escape slavery and seek a better life for themselves and their loved ones.
Stowe contrasts the positive outcomes of proactive resistance with the negative consequences of passive acceptance, emphasizing the importance of standing up against injustice.

1000

Who coined the phrase:
“melted into thin air”

Shakespeare