Definitions & Misc.
What is a phrase?
A group of related words that act as a SINGLE part of speech. A phrase will never contain both a verb and it's subject.
What part of speech do infinitives act as in a sentence?
Adjective, adverb, OR noun
A prepositional phrase will function as a(n) ________ or a(n) _________ in a sentence.
Adjective or an adverb
An appositive will act as a ________ in a sentence.
Noun
What part of speech will a participles act as in a sentence?
Adjectives
What part of speech will a gerund act as in a sentence?
Noun
What is a verbal?
A verbal is a word formed from a verb that does not act as a verb in a sentence. A verbal acts as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
How is an infinitive formed?
What is the formula?
_____ +______
The infinitive is formed by placing “to” in front of the present simple form of the verb.
what is the last word of a prepositional phrase called?
Object of the preposition
Identify the appositive in this sentence.
Kelly, my mom, loves mac & cheese.
My mom
Identify the participial.
50 bonus points if you can identify the entire participial phrase!
Sitting in the front row, the girl listened carefully.
SITTING IN THE FRONT ROW, the girl listened carefully.
Identify the gerund.
50 bonus points if you can identify the entire gerund phrase!
I like taking walks with my mom.
I like TAKING walks with my mom.
what is the formula that prepositional phrases will always appear as?
_______+_________(optional)+__________
Preposition+modifier(s)+noun, pronoun, or gerund
Identify the infinitive.
50 bonus points if you can identify the entire infinitive phrase.
He went to ask the teacher.
He went TO ASK the teacher.
List 20 prepositions.
Aboard, about, above, across, against, along, around, amid, among, after, at, except, for, during, down, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, before, beyond, by, in, from, off, on, over, of, until, unto, upon, under, underneath, since, up, like, near, past, throughout, through, with, within, without, outside, toward, inside, into, to, according to, except for, along with, in spite of
Identify the appositive and insert commas if necessary.
Professor of Philosophy at Harvard Megan Ryberg is conducting a study.
Megan Ryberg
No commas are necessary.
Identify the participial phrase.
The broken window was fixed.
The BROKEN WINDOW was fixed.
Identify the gerund phrase.
The man kicking the soccer ball is Pete.
The man KICKING THE SOCCER BALL is Pete.
DOUBLE POINTS
List the three types of verbals and the parts of speech they function as.
Infinitives: Nouns, adjectives, adverbs
Gerunds: Nouns
Participles: Adjectives
Identify the infinitive phrase.
To go to the World Series is his biggest dream.
TO GO TO THE WORLD SERIES is his biggest dream.
Provide an explanation/ justification for this comma.
Underneath the live oak tree, my favorite dog is buried.
A comma is recommended after any introductory prepositional phrase. Some grammar books say that a comma is only needed after a prepositional phrase that is four words or more, but this is a matter of style.
Identify the the appositive and place commas in the necessary place.
Mrs. Jones a brand new teacher is our new dance coach.
Mrs. Jones, A BRAND NEW TEACHER, is our new dance coach.
TWO PART!!
List the ending for present participles.
List the endings for past participles.
-ing
-ed/ -en/ -ive/ -d/ -t/ -n
Identify the gerund phrase.
Eating ice cream on a windy day is always a mess.
EATING ICE CREAM ON A WINDY DAY is always a mess.
What are the THREE PARTS of the checklist to ensure a word is a gerund?
1. It ends in -ing.
2. It is derived from a verb.
3. The gerund phrase can be replaced with a simple noun.
Provide an explanation/ justification for the use of this comma.
To pass the test, Kaitlyn studied very hard.
When a sentence begins with an adverbial Infinitive Phrase, put a comma after it.
Identify all prepositional phrases.
Hint: there are 3
Just then, the little old man opened the refrigerator and reached for the candy, and the mouse was caught with the candy in his paws.
For the candy
With the candy
In his hands
Describe the difference between essential and nonessential appositives.
Essential phrases tell us necessary information or meaning.
Nonessential phrases add information that isn’t necessary to have a clear main idea. They do not restrict the meaning.
DOUBLE POINTS
Identify the participial phrase and place commas if they are needed.
The woman's necklace sparkling in the moonlight captured everyone's attention.
The woman's necklace, SPARKLING IN THE MOONLIGHT, captured everyone's attention.
Correct this possessive gerund.
An emergency technician had recorded vital signs prior to the patient receiving medical care.
An emergency technician had recorded vital signs prior to the patient's receiving medical care.