Death!
Killed around 1/3 the population of Europe in the 14th Century.
The Bubonic Plague (The Black Death).
Bonus Question (100 pts): How did this change how Europeans viewed death?
Within the HRE, provinces could declare as either Lutheran or Catholic. “Cuius regio, eius religio, bro!”
*”bro” is informal and should never be used in a formal setting
Peace of Augsburg
Luther‘s “95 Theses” strongly argues against the sale of these (so do the Catholics during the Council of Trent).
Indulgences
After Mary Tudor’s bloody return to Catholicism in England, this monarch takes over and helps settle religious tensions.
Elizabeth I
The defenestration of Prague helped provoke which major conflict?
The Thirty Years War
Henry VIII ”magnanimously” changed the execution sentence for these two individuals he was formerly close to.
Anne Boleyn and Thomas More
Diet of Worms
Parliament’s Act of Restraint of Appeals changed the ultimate legal authority from whom to whom?
From the Pope to the King of England
Charles IX takes the throne of France from his dead, young brother, but this family member maintains true power. Hint: Politique
His mother: Catherine de Medici
Henry VIII had four Thomases in his life. Name two and one specific detail about each of the two.
Early reformer of the Catholic Church who was trickled into attending a council and then was burned at the stake.
Jan Hus.
Bonus Question: 100 pts. Why did the Catholic Church use burning at the stake as a punishment?
This result of a meeting in 1648 guaranteed some religious rights to individuals as well as recognizing Calvinism as a third option to “cuius regio, eius religio.”
Peace of Westphalia
Which religious group believed baptism should be reserved for adults who have made a decision to be baptized, rather than infants?
The Anabaptists
Bonus Question (100 pts): What city did they take over and rule as a theocracy?
After Charles V abdicated the throne (!), he splits the Habsburg lands between two rulers. One in Spain and one in the HRE. Name one.
Philip II in Spain and Ferdinand I in the HRE.
Bonus (100 pts): Which one was staunchly Catholic?
Why did Catholic France join the Protestants in the Thirty Years War and what was the significance of this?
They wanted to weaken the HRE. It marked a movement of wars from religious motivations to political motivations.
Name two reasons the Thirty Years War led to so many deaths (8 Million).
Destroyed farm land and farm laborers led to famine.
Disease (such as Typhoid Fever)
Prolonged Conflict with new weaponry (guns, cannons)
Which Pope began the Council that re-affirmed Catholic doctrine and eliminated clerical corruption and ignorance?
Pope Paul III
Explain how the Council of Trent re-affirmed an idea that differed from Luther’s “Sola scriptura.”
They established the joint authority of Scripture and Tradition.
Who finally gave Henry VIII a son? What was his name?
Jane Seymour, Edward
A movement during the Catholic reformation that emphasized hearing and feeling God’s presence (as opposed to scholarship).
Mysticism
Bonus (100 pts): Name one Catholic mystic of this time.
During the Hundred Years War Edward III and his son, The Black Prince, soon give up on the ideals of Chivalry by killing these.
Nobles or Knights
(not peasants, everyone killed them)
Name two restrictions on Huguenot worship from Catherine de Medici’s Edict of St. Germain (January Edict).
Never in town, never with arms, never at night, never in a former Catholic church
A key difference in doctrine between Martin Luther and Ulrich Zwingli.
Real Presence vs Memorial (referring to the Eucharist)
After Charles IX‘s death in France, what two Houses fight for power and the throne?
Guise and Bourbon
The starving German peasants revolted after being told to gather these.
Snail shells