Motives for Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa
This economic motive encouraged European countries to seek territories that contained cotton, rubber, copper, and gold.
What is the search for raw materials?
This medicine dramatically reduced European deaths from malaria and made inland African exploration possible.
What is quinine?
Compare the two main methods of colonial government used in Africa.
What are indirect rule and direct rule? Indirect rule used local rulers to help govern, while direct rule replaced local authority with European officials and administration.
In 1896, this African state defeated Italy at the Battle of Adwa, forcing Italy to recognize its independence.
What is Abyssinia (Ethiopia)?
British economist John A. Hobson argued that imperialism was largely driven by the search for these two things.
What are new markets and investment opportunities?
These vessels allowed Europeans to travel farther inland along rivers such as the Congo, Niger, and Zambezi.
What are steam-powered boats/steamships?
This Scottish missionary and explorer crossed Africa, traced the Zambezi River, and became one of the most famous European explorers of the continent
Who was David Livingstone?
This colony, controlled personally by King Leopold II, became notorious for forced labor, rubber quotas, and brutal punishments such as mutilation.
What is the Congo Free State (Belgian Congo)?
The leader of the Zulu people during the Anglo-Zulu War was this king.
Who is King Cetshwayo?
This belief claimed European nations had a duty to bring Christianity, medicine, law, and civilization to Africa.
What is the "civilizing mission"?
Invented by Hiram Maxim in 1884, this weapon gave Europeans a significant military advantage.
What is the Maxim Gun?
Britain occupied this country in 1882 largely to protect its strategic interests in the Suez Canal.
What is Egypt?
Christianity became popular in Southern Africa in the 1880s & 1890s due to these advantages it gave African elites.
What are political, economic and educational opportunities?
This 1896 uprising against British rule took place in what became Rhodesia and involved the Ndebele people.
What is the Ndebele Rebellion (Matabele War)?
This ideology applied Darwin's ideas to nations and suggested that only the strongest countries would survive.
What is Social Darwinism?
By 1891, this communication technology linked London with distant parts of the empire almost instantly.
What is the telegraph?
Opened in 1869, this waterway linked the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea and dramatically shortened the route from Europe to India
What is the Suez Canal?
This mode of transportation became the backbone of colonial infrastructure because it allowed administrators, soldiers, and raw materials to move faster and more cheaply across Africa.
What are railways?
This African kingdom shocked Britain by winning the Battle of Isandlwana in 1879.
What is the Zulu Kingdom?
What are national prestige and strategic/military power?
Name the four technological developments that most directly helped Europeans explore, conquer, and govern Africa.
What are steam power, quinine, the Maxim Gun (modern weapons), and telegraph communications?
British administrator Frederick Lugard became famous for promoting this method of governing colonies, particularly in Nigeria and Uganda.
What is indirect rule?
Despite early victories, African resistance movements were usually defeated because Europeans possessed this major military advantage.
What were superior modern weapons such as the Maxim Gun and rapid-fire rifles?
This resistance movement against German rule in South West Africa resulted in the deaths of an estimated 80% of the Herero population and was later recognized by the United Nations as a genocide.
What is the Herero War (1904-08)