Mangroves
Why are seeds covered in a tough sheath?
seed is covered by a tough sheath to prevent it from drying out and enabling it to float (buoyant).
True or false: Animals that don’t adapt will die out.
True
True or false: Humans are responsible for at least 35% of the world's mangroves being destroyed.
True
Give an example of predation in the ocean
Shark and fish, seal and penguin etc.
Which way does the arrow point in a food web/chain.
•A) to the thing being eaten
•B) to the thing doing the eating
•C) they don’t have a purpose
B
Mangroves are able to survive in the extreme conditions by having what three specialized things?
root systems/roots, leaves, seeds
What are the three types of adaptations
structural, functional, behavioural
How do mangroves protect the coastline?
Mangroves protect shorelines during large storms by absorbing wave energy and reducing the velocity of water passing through them. Mangrove covered shorelines are less likely to erode, or will erode far more slowly,
Describe parasitism and give an example
Parasite benefits – Host suffers (tongue eating isopod and fish)
What would happen if a producer was removed from a food web/chain
There would be no plants, therefore the producers would have nothing to eat, affecting the rest of the food web/chain.
What do specialised leaves do for mangroves?
allow them to excrete unwanted salt.
What is a functional adaption?
Involves changes in the body over time.
What do mangroves provide for fish and crustaceans?
provide nursery habitat for many commercial fish and crustaceans, and thus contribute to sustaining the local abundance of fish and shellfish populations & hence fishing industries.
What are the three types of symbiotic relationships
Parasitism, Mutualism, Commensalism
What would happen If an apex predator was removed from a food web/chain
The tertiary/secondary consumers would increase in population, this would then affect the secondary/primary consumers because their population would be heavily predated on
When do mangrove seeds germinate
seeds germinate while still attached to the tree
Name the two types of Behavioural adaptions
Instinctual, Learnt
How are mangroves A source of resources for Local Communities
Mangroves can provide food, medicines, tannins, fuel wood, charcoal and construction materials for local communities.
Describe commensalism and give an example
One benefits – one no effect (barnacles and whales)
What is better to describe an ecosystem – a food chain or a food web.
Food Web
What is the function of pneumatophores?
They enable the mangrove to take air into the plant for photosynthesis.
Give an example of a functional adaptation
Spines, Shells, Armour, Camouflage, mimicry etc
What are the benefits that mangroves give us?
Ecological, Economical, Cultural, Financial
Describe a mutualism and give an example
Both species benefit (Remora and Shark)
List the Trophic levels in order
Producer, Primary consumer, Secondary consumer, Tertiary consumer, Apex