First Aid
What does DRSABCD stand for?
Danger, Response, Send for help, Airways, Breathing, CPR, Defib
What are the three energy systems?
ATP-PC, Gylcolytic, Aerobic
What are the 3 macronutrients
Carbs, Fats and Protiens
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic exercise?
Aerobic exercise primarily uses oxygen to produce energy, while anaerobic exercise produces energy without relying on oxygen.
What happens to heart rate during exercise?
Increases
What does TOTAPS stand for
Talk, Observe, Touch, Active Movement, Passive Movement, Skills Test
Which energy system is dominant during a 400 m sprint?
Glycolytic System
What is the main macronutrient used to provide energy during exercise?
Carbs
Name one training method that can improve aerobic fitness
Continuous training, fartlek training, aerobic interval training or HIIT
Why does heart rate increase during exercise?
Working muscles require more oxygen and nutrients and need greater removal of waste products, so cardiac output increases.
Name 3 types of fractures
transverse, oblique, spiral, comminuted, greenstick, stress, and open or closed
Explain the difference between the ATP-PC system and anaerobic glycolysis.
ATP-PC system: Provides energy very quickly for very short, explosive activities (around 0–10 seconds). It uses stored ATP and phosphocreatine and does not produce lactic acid.
Anaerobic glycolysis: Provides energy for high-intensity activities lasting roughly 10 seconds to 1–2 minutes. It breaks down glucose/glycogen without oxygen to produce ATP, with lactate being produced.
Why is protein important for an athlete?
As it provides muscle recovery and supports muscle growth
Name one training method that can improve anaerobic fitness
Anaerobic interval training, HIIT, sprint training or repeated-sprint training
What is the equation for cardiac output
SV x HR = CO
An athlete lands awkwardly and cannot put weight on their ankle. What injury might they have and what would you do?
RICER
What is the by-product of the glycolytic system
pyruvate
An athlete has low carbohydrate stores before a competition. How could this affect their performance?
They may fatigue earlier and struggle to maintain high-intensity exercise because carbohydrate availability is reduced
How can interval training improve both aerobic and anaerobic fitness?
By manipulating work-to-rest periods and intensity, it can challenge both the aerobic system and anaerobic energy systems
What is the lactic threshold?
The lactate threshold is the point during exercise where lactate begins to accumulate in the blood faster than the body can remove it.
An athlete receives a heavy hit to the head and becomes dizzy, confused and complains of a headache. What should you do?
Remove the athlete from play immediately and do not allow them to return to sport that day. Keep them monitored, arrange appropriate medical assessment, and watch for worsening symptoms. Call 000 if they become unconscious, have a seizure, repeatedly vomit, deteriorate rapidly, or show other signs of a serious head injury.
During a 400 m sprint, an athlete starts to experience increasing muscle fatigue. Which energy system is primarily contributing to energy production, and what by-product is associated with this system?
The anaerobic glycolysis system is a major contributor. It breaks down glucose without oxygen to rapidly produce ATP. Byproduct: pyruvate
Why can fats only be used for energy in low-moderate intensity
As they need oxygen to break down
A rugby league player needs to repeatedly sprint, tackle and recover throughout a game. Which training method would be most appropriate and why?
HIIT or anaerobic interval/repeated-sprint training because it involves repeated periods of high-intensity work with recovery periods, closely replicating the demands of the sport.
Why does stroke volume plateau at 40-60% of exercise intensity?
The faster the heart beats, the shorter the filling phase, limiting how much additional blood can enter the ventricles.