Macromolecules
Covalent bond between two amino acids.
Peptide bond
What functional group is this?
-OH
Hydroxyl
Cell
The clinging of one substance to another, such as water to plant cell walls by means of hydrogen bonds.
Adhesion
hydrophobic - repels/lacks affinity for water
hydrophilic - readily dissolves and interacts with water
What are the differences between "dehydration synthesis" and "hydrolysis"?
Dehydration synthesis makes polymers; hydration breaks polymers.
Charge of proton? electron? neutron?
Most enzymes are what type of macromolecule?
proteins
A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.
Surface tension
True or false: Water has a low heat of evaporation.
False
Terms used when describing DNA structure.
Double helix
The bonding capacity of a given atom; the number of covalent bonds that an atom can form, which usually equals the number of unpaired electrons in its outermost shell.
Valence
What functional group is added to DNA to modify gene expression
methyl - CH3
A solution that contains a weak acid and its corresponding base. It minimizes changes in pH when acids or bases are added to the solution.
Buffer
Is human blood acidic, basic, or neutral in pH
Neutral
What molecule is the precursor for most steroids
Cholesterol
Atoms that have multiple versions with more neutrons.
Isotopes
Two differences between DNA and RNA
1. Generally DNA is double stranded while RNA is generally single stranded.
2. DNA has deoxyribose pentose sugar while RNA has ribose pentose sugar.
3. DNA uses thymine (T) nitrogenous base while RNA uses uracil (U) nitrogenous base.
All of the individuals of a species living in a community as a group.
Population
Water molecules forms this structure around ions and polar molecules
hydration shell
Name the macromolecule formed as a result of the given monomers:
Glucose + glucose =
Glucose + fructose =
Maltose
Sucrose
4 elements that make up 97% of living matter.
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Chitin is to insects as cellulose is to ______.
Plants
One of two or more compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.
Structural isomers
Describe the process of ocean acidification
Increased levels of CO2 leads to the formation of carbonic acid in the water. The carbonic acid removes carbonate from the ocean causing organisms like coral and mollusk that use carbonate with calcium to not be able to form their shells.