Macromolecules
Transcription
Scientific Method
Transcription II Electric Boogaloo
Macromolecules 2
100
Contains ester linkages
Lipids
100
What is the central dogma
The central dogma of molecular biology describes the two-step process, transcription and translation, by which the information in genes flows into proteins: DNA → RNA → protein.
100
How many variables can be changed in a single experiment?
One.
100
What is the promoter REGION's nucleic sequence?
TATA/ATAT
100
What does it mean to Denature a protein?
What can denature proteins?
Denaturing a protein means causing an protein/polypeptide chain to lose it's shape and thus function.
Proteins can be denatured by: pH, temperature, and salinity.
200
What is the monomer of proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids?
Proteins: Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides
Carbohydrates: Monosacharides
200
How many steps are in Transcription and what are they?
3.
Initiation, Elongation, and Termination
200
What are the steps of the scientific method?
- Make an observation.
- Ask a question.
- Form a hypothesis or testable explanation.
- Make a prediction based on the hypothesis.
- Test the prediction.
- Iterate: use the results to make new hypotheses or predictions.
200
What does it mean to Transcribe?
It means to listen/take in some kind of data, writing, or information and write it down in another form, way, or medium
200
Can Polymers be monomers?
Yes.
Many protein polymers can be 'monomers' to larger chains of polymers.
300
What are the four levels of protein structure
Sequence, primary folding alpha helix of beta pleated sheets, higher ordered folding, and subunit interaction
300
What are these functions grouped in as? 5’ cap and 3’ poly a tail, splicing
Modification of MRNA
300
The group that receives the change
Experimental group
300
What does RNA polymerase do?
It adds nucleotides to the 3' end of RNA
300
Why is it dangerous to have a high fever? What does that mean for you bodies macromolecules?
In addition to putting more strain on your immune system and body, physiologically the high temperature in your body overall can result in the denaturization of bodily proteins seizing their functions permanently.
400
What is this functional group in an amino acid?
Amino Group
400
Once bound, RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands providing the single stranded template needed for transcription
Initiation
400
The things that the scientist observes in response to the independent variable
The Dependent Variable
400
Where does transcription take place inside the cell?
Inside the nucleus
400
What Does Amphipathic mean?
A molecule that is both nonpolar AND polar
500
Give an example of a monomer for: Proteins, Carbohydrates, and nucleic acid
Amino Acids, Glucose, Adenine.
500
What is the Hairpin in the RNA?
The termination mechanism
500
Define control + experimental group, dependant variable, independent variable
Control group is a group whose not given any form of treatment.
experimental group is given treatment and compared to the control group.
Dependent variable is a variable that depends on other factors. (i.e test scores.)
Independent variable is a variable that does not depend on other factors. (Time spent studying)
500
Within 5 minutes, come up with an analogy to help remember the central dogma.
Central Dogma is
DNA -> RNA -> Proteins
DNA -> RNA is transcription.
That's like going to a library to find a book about baking a cake and then copying the recipe into your own journal. (Library is like the DNA, the parent strand is the book, and your journal is the RNA.)
RNA -> mRNA (intermediate step)
That's like going back home, adding a few too many eggs to the recipe, and baking the cake anyways.
The Cake is the fully transcribed RNA, but you add too many eggs! (Like you add a bunch or too many A's to the tail. polyA tail.) and then you bake the cake anyways. (get it to rise and get bigger more recognisable.) Like the Special G 5' Cap.
500
Identify this functional group of this amino acid.
Carboxyl Group