Column 1
What was the active ingredient used in the first cold wave?
Thioglycolic acid or a derivative
Zonal perms are also called:
partial perms
What is the pH of early relaxer products?
14
Sodium hydroxide relaxers have a pH of:
11.5-14
During a curl reformation service, what causes the hair to soften and swell in order to reform it into a new curl or wave pattern?
booster
The overlap (croquignole) technique produces which result?
undulating waves and curls
Alkaline perms carry a pH of:
8-9
In the early 1900's, the temporary method of hair relaxing was invented by:
Madam CJ Walker
Helps form and shape new curl pattern
activator
What is the name of the product used to reduce the curl pattern?
curl rearranger
What are the two basic wrapping techniques for rotating strands around a perm tool?
spiral and overlap
In addition to tension and perm solution, what do acid perms use to perform the processing action?
heat
It is not recommended to remove more than what percentage of the hair's natural texture?
85%
Acid waves have a pH of?
6.9-7.2
Hair wound on perm rods with too much tension may cause which of the following conditions?
breakage or dryness
What length of hair s the spiral technique most often used on?
medium to long
What structure must be permanently broken to change the hair from straight to curly state?
disulfide bonds
The method of wrapping hair from the end to the scalp is known as:
Croquignole
Main ingredient in rearrangers
ammonium thioglycolate
What is the most likely cause of underprocessed hair during a perm?
Not enough time to process
What term refers to the way perm tools are arranged around the client's head while wrapping?
perm pattern
The four basic tool positions in perming are on base, half-base, underdirected and:
off base
Which relaxer ingredient requires the use of a base cream on the scalp to prevent irritation?
sodium hydroxide
How long does a digital perm last?
3-6 months
Which perm tool determines the size and shape of the new curl texture?
perm rod