History
In 1926 this method was created
What is Croquignole method?
Hair needs to be wrapped ____ & ____ around each rod
What is smooth and evenly?
The active ingredient used in the first cold wave
What is thioglycolate acid?
pH range for acid perms today
What is 6.9 to 7.2?
Perm patterns are also known as
What is wrapping patterns?
In 1938 the first cold wave was invented by
Who is Arnold F. Willat?
The first heat permanent wave solution was invented in
What is 1905
The two chemicals used during the chemical phase
What are perm solution and neutralizer?
The two major phases of perming
What is Physical and Chemical?
Exothermic perms generate their own
What is heat
The length of hair Charles Nessler’s heat permanent waving machine was suitable for
What is long hair?
Evans and McDonough invented
What is the no-electricity (heatless) perm
After the perm is thoroughly rinsed, the ____ is applied
What is the neutralizer?
The phase of perming that is the most important
What is physical and chemical are equally important?
New innovative methods of producing soft, wavy, loose-curled texture
What is digital perm or soft perm
Croquignole method is also called
What is overlap method?
In 1931 the heatless technique used ___ instead of electricity
What is bisulfides?
First perms heated to 212°F with
What is electrical heaters?
Affects the final look of the new curl pattern
What is perm patterns?
Perms add volume, texture and style support to
What is flat, limp hair?
The group of people that wrapped hair on sticks, applied mud and baked in he sun
What are the Ancient Egyptians?
The heatless technique is also called
What is the overnight technique
Neutralizer is applied to
What is to reharden and fix the hair into its new wavy or curly shape?
Perming gives you the option of wearing your hair
What is straight or textured?
You have to add ____ to endothermic perms
What is heat