Ch.17 respiratory emergencies
what is another name for people who have Emphysema?
Pink Puffer
what arteries supply blood to the heart?
the coronary arteries
what is the myelin sheath?
a protective fatty layer that provides insulation to the axons nerve cells. think of it like a plastic coating insulating an electrical wire.
name the two different types of feeding tubes.
PEG tube - "G-tube"
PEJ tube - "J-tube"
what causes barrel chest in people who have Emphysema?
the atelectasis is trapping air, causing over-inflation of the lungs, which makes the rib cage expand and the diaphragm to flatten.
what does the left main coronary artery divide into?
the left anterior descending artery and the circumflex coronary artery.
what does AEIOUTIPS stand for and what is it?
A.lcohol/drugs
E.endocrine
I.fection
O.xygen
U.remia
T.rauma
I.nsulin
P.sychosis
S.hock/seizure/stroke
this acronym are the different causes of altered mental status.
what can be the causes of upper GI bleeding?
peptic ulcers
esophageal varices
mallory-weiss syndrome
boerhaave's syndrome
what is pink frothy sputum a sign of?
Pulmonary Edema
what veins return deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium of the heart?
the superior and inferior vena cave
what does HOTSACK stand for?
H.ypoxia/H.ypoglycemia
O.verdose (alcohol/opiates/etc)
T.rauma
S.eizure/shock/stroke
A.cidosis (infection)
C.irculatory (perfusion)
K.idney (renal/metabolic)
more causes of altered mental status
what is crohns disease?
inflammation of the GI tract. symptoms can be abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, diarrhea, weight loss, skin problems, fever.
what is Ludwig's angina?
what is a dissecting aneurysm?
the inner layers of the aorta become separated, allowing the blood to flow between the layers.
what is the difference between a hemorrhagic stroke and an ischemic stroke?
a hemorrhagic stroke is caused by a burst or leak of blood in the body. also referred to as an arterial rupture. an ischemic stroke is caused by a blockage of blood flow. it can also be referred to as an occlusive stroke.
what is mallory-weiss syndrome?
a tear in the mucous membrane where the esophagus and the stomach meet. caused by a sudden and forceful increase in pressure in the abdomen. this is usually caused by severe vomiting, retching or coughing. symptoms are bloody vomit, bloody or black stool, abdominal or chest pain, and signs of significant blood loss like paleness, fainting and signs of shock.
what are some causes of a pulmonary Edema?
recent surgeries, birth control, and prolonged immobility.
trace a drop of blood lol
deoxygenated blood from the body enters through the vena cava, entering the right atrium, passes through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle, from the right ventricle, blood goes through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery and into the lungs. in the lungs, blood travels through capillaries where it is then oxygenated. after it is oxygenated, it moves to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins and passes through the bicuspid valve and into the left ventricle (this is the hearts strongest chamber). from the left ventricle, oxygenated blood is pushed through the aortic valve and into the aorta where the blood is now distributed to the rest of the body.
what are the different classifications of seizures? describe them.
tonic-clonic: big shakes
absence: no shakes
pseudoseizures: events that present as seizures but are not caused by abnormal electrical brain activity.
focal: partial. seizures that usually only affect certain parts of the body.
what is the difference between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis?
they both are chronic inflammatory conditions. with Crohn's, it can affect any part of the digestive tract, whereas UC only affects the lining of the colon.