Reverse Laws
To vote, citizens (mainly African Americans) had to pay a fee. What is the term used?
Poll taxes
What did the enforcement acts do?
Laws made it a federal crime to deny civil rights of citizens, used to take action against the KKK and radical believers
What do white supremacists believe in?
White race/people are superior
What tests were required for citizens to pursue education, and were intentionally made difficult for African Americans?
Literacy Tests
Could African Americans pass if they passed the literacy test?
No, they could only pass if a white official allowed them to.
Violence and intimidation
What group was formed by white supremacists to terrorize African Americans and their supporters?
The Ku Klux Klan
What did Redeemer governments do to public school funding?
Cut spending for public schools and charge fees to go to school
What amendments were violated by the redeemers? And why?
14th amendment and 15th amendment. Took away citizens' right to vote, making them pay, and Jim Crow Segregation laws treated people differently and racially.
What closed in 1872?
The Freedmen's Bureau
What was the purpose of the KKK group?
to limit African American rights, return the South to all white power
By the 1880s, about how many African-American children attended school in the South?
about half
What law was violated in the Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) case? What Amendment was that law in?
Equal Protection Clause and 14th Amendment
Why did President Grant refuse to help the Governor of Mississippi to help protect Freedmen's rights?
He lost interest in the South's efforts to push back on Reconstruction
Reconstruction governments expanded politics, education, and legal rights for African Americans, which angered them
Which group burned African-American schools and used violence to stop education and voting?
Ku Klux Klan
What is the doctrine of the Jim Crow laws?
"Separate but equal" doctrine
What are the two things that Congress gave the former Confederates after they were pardoned?
Ability to take place in office and vote.
What were the four things that the White Supremacists superiority led to?
Refusal to accept that formerly enslaved people now had freedom, citizenship, pursuit of education, and the right to vote
Why was education considered dangerous by White supremacists?
A: It costs too much money
B: It could lead to political power
C: It made people move north
D: It caused corruption
B: It could lead to political power