Question
What type of inheritance did Darwin propose?
Blending inheritance Particulate inheritance Independent assortment Segregation
Blending inheritance
Mendel’s Law of Segregation states what?
Gametes always carry both alleles
Alleles blend into averages
Only dominant alleles are passed
Each gamete carries one allele per locus
Each gamete carries one allele per locus
What are the 5 evolutionary forces?
Nonrandom mating, mutation/recombination, selection, gene flow, genetic drift
Blending, dominance, uniformitarianism, segregation, mutation
Nonrandom mating, mutation/recombination, selection, gene flow, genetic drift
Only mutation, selection, blending
None – populations never evolve
Nonrandom mating, mutation/recombination, selection, gene flow, genetic drift
What is genetic drift?
Movement of alleles across populations
Random change in allele frequency in small populations
Always adaptive evolution
Mutation only
Random change in allele frequency in small populations
What is recombination?
Mutation in DNA
Shuffling of alleles during meiosis
Segregation of alleles
Blending of traits
Shuffling of alleles during meiosis
What model of inheritance did Mendel propose? Particulate inheritance Blending inheritance Uniformitarianism Lamarckism
Particulate inheritance
Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment applies when alleles are…
Always on the same chromosome
Completely linked
On different chromosomes or far apart on the same
Located in the same gene
On different chromosomes or far apart on the same
Hardy-Weinberg Equation is…
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
F = (Δp + Δq)/N
G = p^2 – q^2 = 0
2pq + 2q^2 = 1
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
Founder effect is…
Increase in mutation rate
Selection for dominance
Allele blending
Loss of genetic diversity when a new population is founded
Loss of genetic diversity when a new population is founded
What is convergent evolution?
Shared ancestry
Blending of traits
Independent evolution of similar traits
Uniformitarianism
Independent evolution of similar traits
What does particulate inheritance explain?
Traits always blend
Variation is maintained
Alleles disappear over time
All traits are dominant
Variation is maintained
What does recombination generate?
Blended traits
New allele combinations
Identical gametes
No genetic diversity
New allele combinations
Condition for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
Random mating, no mutation, no migration, no selection, infinite population
Blending inheritance
Finite populations only
Mutation and selection always occur
Random mating, no mutation, no migration, no selection, infinite population
What does uniformitarianism mean?
Inheritance blends traits
Alleles always segregate equally
Processes in the past are the same as present processes
Populations never change
Processes in the past are the same as present processes
What is the biological species concept?
Species defined by looks only
Species defined by location
Species are groups of interbreeding populations reproductively isolated from others
Species are individuals with blending traits
Species are groups of interbreeding populations reproductively isolated from others
In diploid organisms, what are alleles?
Observed traits
Pairs of chromosomes
Phenotypes only
Different forms of a locus
Different forms of a locus
Define population in genetics
A collection of species
A group with identical genotypes
A group of interbreeding individuals in the same environment
A random assortment of gametes
A group of interbreeding individuals in the same environment
What is nonrandom mating?
When individuals choose mates based on traits
When alleles blend randomly
When populations split
When gametes are random
When individuals choose mates based on traits
Who is associated with the idea of acquired inheritance?
Darwin
Mendel
Lamarck
Wallace
Lamarck
What are analogous traits?
Traits from a common ancestor
Traits with similar function but different origin
Identical alleles
Homologous genes
Traits with similar function but different origin
Dominance vs Blending: Why are they different?
Blending permanently mixes traits
All alleles are visible
Recessive phenotypes can be recovered
Phenotypes never reappear
Recessive phenotypes can be recovered
What is a gene pool?
Only dominant alleles
The sum of phenotypes
All alleles for every gene in a population
All possible gametes from one parent
All alleles for every gene in a population
What is natural selection?
Random allele frequency change
Blending of traits
Differential survival and reproduction of phenotypes
Gamete mixing
Differential survival and reproduction of phenotypes
What is adaptation?
Any random mutation
Blended inheritance
A heritable trait that increases fitness
Nonrandom mating
A heritable trait that increases fitness
What is convergent evolution?
Shared ancestry
Blending of traits
Uniformitarianism
Independent evolution of similar traits
Independent evolution of similar traits