Development
This process of neurons traveling to their final location appears before synaptogenesis
What is Migration
A window of time when specific experiences must occur for normal development is known by this term.
What is a critical period?
This lifelong motor disorder results from early brain injury and leads to abnormal muscle tone, coordination problems, and delayed motor milestones.
What is cerebral palsy?
This disorder is characterized by persistent inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity across settings.
What is ADHD?
High exposure to early trauma, chronic stress, and instability alters development of the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex, an effect linked to this widely studied measure.
What are adverse childhood experiences?
This occurs until about age eighteen and improves transmission speed of nerve impulses
What is Myelination
String musicians show enlarged sensorimotor maps for their fingering hand, a classic example of this form of plasticity where practice expands cortical territory.
What is use-dependent plasticity?
A rare developmental profile in which individuals show profound impairments in some domains but exceptional skills in others, often memory, music, or calculation.
What is savant syndrome?
A genetic disorder that causes enlarged ears, long face, and significant learning challenges, especially in boys.
What is fragile X?
This landmark study showed that severe early deprivation leads to long term deficits in attachment, cognition, and emotional regulation.
What is the Romanian orphan study?
This programmed process trims the early brain’s overabundance of neurons and connections, shaping mature neural circuits.
What is apoptosis? Will take pruning
Piaget’s stage from about 7 to 11 years, marked by logical thinking about concrete objects, understanding of conservation, and reduced egocentrism.
What is the concrete operational stage?
On the WISC, children with learning disabilities often show a pattern of weak scores on arithmetic, coding, information, and digit span known by this acronym.
What is the ACID profile?
This disorder results from prenatal exposure of a specific substance and is marked by facial anomalies, growth delays, and long-term cognitive impairment.
What is fetal alcohol syndrome?
These medications can help some children with learning disabilities by increasing cerebral activation that boosts this cognitive function.
What is attention?
These self-renewing cells divide so that one daughter stays the same while the other becomes a progenitor destined to form neurons or glia.
What are stem cells?
Researchers found a negative correlation between vocabulary scores and this structural measure, with better language performance linked to thinner cortices due to efficient pruning.
What is cortical thickness?
This neurodevelopmental disorder involves deficits in social communication along with restricted or repetitive behaviors.
What is autism?
This condition occurs when excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles, causing increased pressure and potential cognitive decline.
What is hydrocephalus?
A gradual rise in intracranial pressure in an infant, caused by increased cerebrospinal fluid volume, is most often due to this underlying condition.
What is a congenital obstruction?
This neurogenic region near the lateral ventricles serves as a blueprint for the cortex, with each of its areas mapping to where neurons will ultimately migrate.
What is the subventricular zone?
The principle that basic sensory processing develops before higher-order cognitive control and executive functions describes this aspect of brain development.
What is functional maturity?
IQ scores of about seventy or below, along with adaptive functioning deficits, are needed for this diagnosis.
What is intellectual disability?
A childhood communication disorder where children struggle to form clear speech sounds despite normal hearing and intelligence.
What is a speech sound disorder?
In childhood onset fluency disorder, this early developmental factor best predicts whether stuttering will continue into adulthood.
What is poor nonverbal skills?