Literary Terms
When someone says the opposite of what they actually mean, often to emphasize a point or to convey a different underlying message.
Verbal Irony
An appeal to logic and reason, factual evidence to support reasoning.
Ex: Sales margins over the past year; cars with a #1 safety precaution award.
Logos
An incomplete sentence missing either its subject or complete predicate.
Ex: Walked up the stairs.
Fragments
Multiple independent clauses without proper punctuation.
Ex:
Brenda wrecked her car she had to take the bus.
Run-On Sentences
Montag's Neighbor & Montag's Wife
Clarisse & Mildred
The “tool” Clarisse uses to determine if Montag is happy
Dandelion
Why is Montag afraid of the Mechanical Hound at the beginning of the book?
He thinks it has been programmed to act aggressively toward him.
A narrative mode where the story is told from the perspective of a character within the story, using pronouns like “I” and “me,” providing insights directly from their own viewpoint.
1st Person POV
An appeal to emotion; such as fear, sympathy, pride, etc.
Ex: ASPCA pet commercials; St. Jude commercials
Pathos
Has at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
Ex: When Gnomeo and Juliet met, they fell in love; then they realized they came from opposing families.
Compound-Complex Sentences
When the subject receives the action
Ex: The play will be reviewed by the critics.
Passive Voice
Montag's Boss & the mechanical creature at the fire station
Captain Beatty & the Mechanical Hound
The item Montag steals from the old lady; the book Montag memorizes
Bible / Ecclesiastes
What happened to Clarisse?
She got hit by a car.
Refers to the additional meaning or emotional association that a word, phrase, or expression carries beyond its literal definition.
Connotation
An appeal to credibility, or trustworthiness; shows to speaker is reliable.
Ex: Lebron endorsing Gatorade; Doctor with 20 years of experience recommending treatment.
Ethos
Show relationships between words in a sentence. They often show direction, time, place, location.
Ex: The book is on the table.
Prepositions/Prepositional Phrases
- To set off a list if what comes before the list is an independent clause.
- To set off a quote if what comes before the quote is an independent clause.
Ex: It’s important to remember everything: your passport, money, and itinerary.
Colons
Montag seeks help from this person
Faber
The leader of the people by the river
Granger
Who said it?
"A book is a loaded gun in the house next door. Burn it."
Captain Beatty
Occurs when the outcome of a situation is significantly different from what was expected or intended, often in a way that is amusing or unexpected.
Situational Irony
The literal dictionary definition of a word devoid of any emotional or cultural associations.
Denotation
When the subject is doing the action
Ex: The computer updates automatically.
Active Voice
Rename a noun/pronoun and need to be set off with commas.
Ex: My teacher, the one with the hamster, is my favorite.
The intellectual men by the river
Hobos
Who said it?
"It was a pleasure to burn."
Guy Montag
How do the men by the river preserve literature?
They memorize a book and then burn it.
The choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing, often reflecting the writer’s or speaker’s style, tone, and clarity.
Diction
When the narrator tells the story using “he,” “she,” or “they” pronouns, presenting the characters from an external perspective without directly participating in the events.
3rd Person POV
Can be used to combine two independent clauses with a conjunctive adverb (however)
Ex: The dance is this weekend; however, she’s grounded.
Semicolons
Uses the same grammatical structure in similar clauses and phrases.
Ex: Vanessa hates running and swimming.
Parallel Structure
Who said it?
"Do you ever read any of the books you burn?"
Clarisse
What is not a theme of this book?
History is important
Education is important
Having fun is important
Interpersonal communication is important
3. Having fun is important
Who said it?
"It's not books you need, it's some of the things that once were in books."
Faber