Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.
What is heredity?
Definition of true-breeding
What is organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves when self-pollinated?
Chromosomal disorder resulting from the deletion of part of chromosome 5.
What is Cri du Chat Syndrome?
Two components of chromosomes initially considered candidates for genetic material.
What is DNA and protein?
Two main stages of gene expression
What is transcription and translation?
Explain the law of independent assortment and identify during which phase of meiosis it occurs.
What is the law of independent assortment states that each pair of chromosomes aligns independently of others during metaphase I, resulting in genetic variation.
Phenotypic ratio Mendel observed in the F2 generation when crossing two F1 hybrids for flower color?
What is 3:1 purple:white
Gene responsible for male development.
What is the SRY gene?
Conducted the experiment that demonstrated DNA is the genetic material of bacteriophages.
Who are Hershey and Chase?
This is when translation of mRNA can begin in prokaryotes
What is before transcription is completed?
In a species with a haploid number of 4, number of possible combinations of chromosomes can result from independent assortment.
What is 16 combinations (24)
Law of Independent Assortment and when it applies.
What is alleles of different genes are distributed independently during gamete formation? What is applies to genes on nonhomologous chromosomes?
A colorblind woman marries a man with normal color vision. Probability that their sons will be colorblind.
What is 100%
Role of helicase in DNA Replication
What is helicase untwists the double helix at replication forks?
What is introns are noncoding segments between coding segments and what is exons are coding sequences part of the mRNA product?
How random fertilization contribute to genetic diversity.
What is random fertilization increases diversity as any sperm can fertilize any egg?
Explain the difference between sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes
What is sister chromatids are identical copies of a single chromosome formed during DNA replication, joined at the centromere, and separated during mitosis or meiosis II? What is homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes (one from each parent) with the same genes but possibly different alleles, pairing up and separating during meiosis I to increase genetic diversity?
If a plant with yellow, round seeds (genotype YyRr) is crossed with another plant with the same genotype (YyRr), this is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?
Type of replication model supported by Meselson and Stahl experiment.
What is the semiconservative model?
Role of RNA polymerase in transcription.
What is RNA polymerase catalyzes RNA synthesis by creating a RNA strand complementary to the DNA template?
Describe the difference between the separation of chromosomes in meiosis I and meiosis II.
What is in meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate, reducing chromosome number by half, while in meiosis II, sister chromatids separate, similar to mitosis, resulting in four genetically distinct haploid cells?
Describe and give an example of incomplete dominance.
What is incomplete dominance is when the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes, such as pink flowers from a cross between red and white flowered plants (CRCR x CWCW)?
Impact of the size of offspring when a female mouse inherits the mutant allele for Igf2 from her mother.
What is the offspring will be normal-sized as the mutant allele is silenced?
Chargaff's rules
What is the number of adenine (A)= thymine (T) and guanine (G)=cytosine (C)
Describe process of RNA splicing and importance in eukaryotic cells.
What is RNA splicing removes introns from pre-mRNA, making the mRNA in eukaryotic cells functional?