People
This composer is widely credited for starting a standardization process for Classical-period formal structures (especially the string quartet).
Who is Franz Joseph Haydn?
This symphony by Ludwig Van Beethoven famously incorporates vocal soloists and a choir.
What is Beethoven's Ninth Symphony in D minor, Op. 125?
This major city in Austria was the imperial center of Holy Roman Empire under Habsburg Empire and home to major career successes for Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven, among others.
What is Vienna?
This comic opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart opens with the following short speech turned musical monologue.
What is Mozart's Le Nozze di Figaro?
This term characterizes people assigned "male" at birth whose castration before puberty yielded a higher pitched voice with a full, rich timbre.
What is a castrato?
This compositional style was inspired by instrumental music of the Ottoman Empire to disrupt the enemy and, during times of peace, provide entertainment to the public. It was imitated by composers like Haydn and Mozart.
What is alla turca?
This Italian composer (and, in many respects, nepo baby) wrote a huge output of 555 sonatas, but only 30 were published during his lifetime.
Who is Domenico Scarlatti?
This two-book anthology of keyboard preludes and fugues became one of Bach's most well-known works and famously covers a total of all 24 major and minor key areas.
What is the Well-Tempered Clavier?
Georg Frideric Händel famously brought Italian opera to this city. He lived there between 1712 until his death in 1759.
What is London, England?
Following the bankruptcies of the Second Royal Academy of Music and the Opera of the Nobility, Handel focused his attention on this genre that was popular among the middle-class public.
What is the oratorio?
This philosophical era and school of thought emphasizes reason, rationality, nature, and freedom.
What is the Enlightenment?
This musical structure featuring tonal progression over an exposition and development before a concluding recapitulation became the basis of a number of genres, including string quartets as well as first movements of sonatas, concertos, and symphonies.
What is sonata-allegro form?
This virtuoso violinist and harpsichordist, composer, and fencer joined Gossec's Concerts des Amateurs and became its director before facing racist and anti-Black obstructions with the Paris Opera despite his substantial success.
Who is Joseph Bologne Chevalier de Saint-George?
This keyboard sonata exemplifies the empfindsam (emotional) style championed by C.P.E. Bach.
What is C.P.E. Bach's Sonata in A Major, H. 186, Wq. 55/4, Mvt. 2?
This city is the birthplace of Ludwig Van Beethoven.
What is Bonn, Germany?
This Italian term for comic opera describes a genre of work made famous in Naples by composers like Domenico Scarlatti.
What is opera buffa?
This architectural style embraced flourishes and asymmetry. This decorative nature can be heard in compositions by Couperin and some works by Rameau and J.C. Bach.
What is rococo?
What is Sturm und Drang?
This famous teacher and violinist spent most of her career working at the Venetian orphanage Ospedale della Pietà. Her own teacher, Antonio Vivaldi, wrote many of his violin concertos specifically for her.
Who is Anna Maria della Pieta?
This excerpt represents early symphonic writing from the Mannheim Court, where the orchestra was known for its discipline, technical prowess, and massive crescendos.
What is Stamitz's Sinfonia No. 8 in E-flat Major, Op. 11, No. 3 (Mvt 1)?
This royal Hungarian court was Haydn's employer for nearly thirty years. Not only was this the location where this work was written; it was also a plea for better workers' rights for orchestral musicians.
What is the Esterházy Court?
This genre was often found between the acts of serious operas or plays (almost like a TV commercial break); it mimicked ordinary people or parodied the excesses of a serious work.
What is a Comic Intermezzo?
This Archduchess was a major supporter and practitioner of the arts before and during her reign between 1740 and 1780.
Who was Empress Maria Theresa?
This French term for "charm" or "agreeable things" exemplifies ornamentation used in French Baroque music.
What are agrémants?
Other than Joseph Boulogne, Chevalier de Saint-George, this French late-Baroque composer was also named a “Chevalier”.
Who is François Couperin?
This compositional technique, used in fugues, translates to “tightening”.
What is stretto?
This city houses Teatro San Bartolomeo and became a rival to the thriving opera scene in Venice.
What is Naples?
This example of a tragedie lyrique includes substantial dissonances like diminished fifths and augmented fourths, showcasing a turn away from consonances standardized by Lully.
What is Rameau's Hippolyte et Aricie (Act IV, Conclusion)?
This ruler famously hated opera seria, ballet, and French opera. He established the (unsuccessful) National German Theatre and commissioned Mozart to write The Abduction from the Seraglio.
Who is Joseph II?
Voltaire wrote that this style ‘means seeking to please.’ By the 18th century, it was used to denote music with light accompaniment, periodic melodies, and an appropriate manner of performance.
What is gallant style?