It's a Plexus Party!
Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve - Lumbar or Sacral Plexus?
Sacral
What embryological feature creates the thalamus?
Diencephalon
The brainstem is made of what three regions?
Midbrain, Pons, & Medulla Oblongata
Cranial Nerve II originates at the ______
Diencephalon (specifically hypothalamus w/ optic chiasm)
Is CN V sensory, motor, or both?
Both
List the Cutaneous Nerves of the Cervical Plexus
Great Auricular, Lesser Occipital, Supraclavicular, Transverse Cervical
List the two parts of the epithalamus and define each
Pineal Gland - Secretes Melatonin
Habenular Nuclei - Relays signals from limbic system to midbrain; involved in visceral responses to odor
The tectum/tectal plate is part of the _____
Midbrain
What nerve goes through the hypoglossal canal?
CN XII
Loss of this nerve causes anosmia
CN I / Olfactory Nerve
Claw Hand is caused by an injury to the _____
Ulnar Nerve
Give both names for the fiber that connects the left and right thalamus
Interthalamic Adhesion (Middle Commissure)
Fold of cerebellar cortex, which are made of (gray/white) matter, are called ____
Gray; Folia
The nucleus of the Abducens Nerve comes off of what part of the brain?
Pons
List the symptoms of defective CN III
Paralysis of most eye muscles
Strabismus (eyes not in parallel)
Diplopia (double vision)
Which nerve innervates the fibularis tertius?
Deep Fibular (anterior compartment muscle)
What is the name of the structure that attaches to the pituitary gland? What structure is immediately posterior? What structure is immediately anterior?
Infundibulum attaches to the pituitary gland. Optic chiasm is anterior, mammillary bodies are posterior.
Describe each of the three cerebellar peduncles (superior/middle/inferior) in terms of what they connect
Superior -Midbrain to Cerebellum
Middle - Pons to Cerebellum
Inferior - Medulla Oblongata to Cerebellum
Which cranial nerves come off medially?
CN I, II, III, VI, and XII
Which cranial nerves exit through the superior orbital fissure?
Give the actual names of each nerve (not the number)
Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), Trigeminal Branch 1: Ophthalmic (V1), and Abducens (VI)
Which nerve comes from the same rami as Erb’s Point, and what is its motor and cutaneous innervation?
Axillary Nerve (C5-C6); Deltoid & Teres Minor; Superolateral arm
List all 5 components of the Limbic System and define each
- Cingulate gyrus: ridge superior to corpus callosum; brings emotions into consciousness
- Hippocampus: nucleus shaped like a seahorse in the temporal lobe; used in navigation and essential in long-term memory
- Amygdaloid body: (Amygdala) involved in emotion, especially fear; helps sort and code memories based on how they are emotionally perceived
- Olfactory bulbs, olfactory tract, olfactory cortex: odors can provoke emotions/memories
- Fornix: thin tract of white matter connecting hippocampus with other limbic structures
Degeneration of the dopamine-producing region_____ located in the _____ underlies ______ Disease
Substantia Nigra; Midbrain; Parkinson’s
List ALL structures, ventricles, and cranial nerves produced by the metencephalon
Pons, Cerebellum, Superior Fourth Ventricle, CNV, VI, VII, and VIII (Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, & Vestibulocochlear/Auditory)
List all the foramina/fissures that each branch of the Trigeminal Nerve travels through
Ophthalmic V1 - Superior Orbital Fissure & Supraorbital Foramen
Maxillary V2 - Foramen Rotundum & Infraorbital Foramen
Mandibular V3 - Foramen Ovale, Mandibular Foramen, & Mental Foramen