PARTS OF THE HEART
The thin-walled chambers of the heart that pump blood into the ventricles.
What is the heart atria?
amount of blood pumped out of the heart in 1 minute
What is cardiac output?
A recording of the electric activity of the heart during one beat
What is an Electrocardiogram (ECG)?
chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide and blood pH
What are Chemoreceptors?
receives sensory information from the peripheral and central areas to precisely control the rate and depth of breathing
What is the respiratory control center?
The Thick-walled chambers that forcefully pump blood out of the heart.
What is the heart ventricles?
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction
What is stroke volume?
The pacemaker of the heart
What is the sinoatrial node (SA node)?
released from the adrenal gland during stress
What is Epinephrine?
mechanism that deals with excess H+ in blood and CO2
What is the bicarbonate buffer system?
The protective outer covering of the heart
What is the pericardium (pericardial sac)?
the resistance to the flow of blood through the entire systemic circulation
What is Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)?
conduction relay node between the atria and ventricles. receives signals from the SA node
What is the atrial-ventricular (AV) node?
Temperature sensors located throughout the body and in the hypothalamus that responds to changes in the body's temperature set-point
What are Thermoreceptors?
contains air passages that transport air from the external environment to the respiratory system and conditions the air we breathe by warming it, humidifying it and cleaning it. (nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree)
What is the lung conducting zone?
The innermost layer of the heart; contains connective tissue that withstands great pressures during contraction
What is the endocardium?
factors that contribute to the flow of blood through the CV system (dynamics of blood flow)
What is Hemodynamics?
parasympathetic activity keeps HR rest > below 100 bpm
What is the Parasympathetic tone (vagal tone)?
exerts a powerful chronic parasympathetic nervous system influence on the heart to keep heart rate below 100 bpm
What is the vagus nerve?
a nonpathological enlarged heart, often found in endurance athletes, causes left-ventricular hypertrophy in response to training; leads to increased SV and CO.
What is Athlete's heart?
transmits impulses to myocardial cells that causes depolarization and contraction of the ventricles
what is the Purkinje fiber network?
the more the heart fills with blood during diastole, the greater the force of contraction during systole
What is Frank-Starling Law?
part of the sympathetic nervous system that stimulates the SA node to increase heart rate
What is the cardiac accelerator nerve?
Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues such as changes in blood pressure, blood volume and muscle tension
What are Mechanoreceptors?
A condition in which the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick, especially the interventricular septum with normal thickness elsewhere; can cause sudden death.
What is Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)?