Infrastructure
Canal. What's that?
A man made river
separation of church and state (secularism)
define agriculturalism
Rejection of modernity/factory/industry in favor of rural life and farming
urbanization
growth of cities (population and infrastructure expand)
rural exodus
Leaving rural areas (exit) in favor of urban areas
what railway was made prior to 1867 and what was made in the 1870s
Grand Trunk (major cities mtl toronto, US)
Intercolonial (link to maritimes NB and NS)
list the main school boards/types
Denominational anglo prot and catho french
what is survival nationalism?
Nationalism that is defended and seen as necessary for the survival of a common culture of people (in this case, the French)
what were the 2 main social classes during industrialization?
Business
working
What major group immigrated to North America?
Irish
describe factory conditions
no light, dangerous machines,
dirty, cramped
no ventilation (polluted) No air conditioning
mass exploitation, child labor, horrible hours
what work did women perform in churches?
True or false: French people were far worse off than English
False
despite a minor rich anglo business class, the majority of english suffered the same depraved conditions as the french
What is capital?
Money that can be used or has the potential to generate more profit or wealth
List some reasons why French emigrated to the US and what they set up
Better wages, more job opportunities and space
created little canadas, pockets of french people settling in new england (maine, Massachusetts , vermont) that fostered a french culture away from home
describe the city above the hill vs the city below
above = away from factories, richer population, water, electricity, open, better sewage systems and hygiene
Below = dirty, cramped, no water, outdoor toilets, open air sewers and disease ridden
Describe the institut canadien de Montreal and what happend
1844, forum for intellectual debate, discussions, and public lectures. it contained many books and article banned by the church for being too liberal and opposing their ideologies.
they were threatened with excommunication and many left to create a new institute that supported the church (institut canadien de francais) and the remaining members were excommunicated in 1868
French nationalism emphasized 4 key attributes. name them
rural life and farming
nuclear family with father at the head
catholic religion
french language
What is the quebec factories act? List the year as well
1885, minimum age, max hours per week
True or false: The 19th century Urban population greatly exceeded that of the Rural
false, people still mostly lived in rural areas
list 5 things that the railway did to benefit Canada
Rapid access to raw materials
The shipping of manufactured goods (more and faster)
Year round transport
The colonization of new territories
The growth of railway production as an industry (metal, lumber required, building it requires labor)
Define Ultramontanism and list some reasons why the concept was popularized
Ultramontanism church has influence/power in all aspects of life, including politics
church ran hospitals, charities, and schooling
led to biased schooling with emphasis on church teaching about french values and beliefs
hospitals and charities meant people trusted them for social safety nets and physical (as well as spiritual) well-being so they became popular
What did women do for the community and what did they eventually fight for?
Rich anglo set up charities
Social reformism (saw the disparities brought about by industrialization and wanted to combat it)
realized they had little rights (ex. no vote, minors)
Began feminism (fight for equality and equal rights)
how does industrial capitalism and the government benefit the rich?
rich social class own MOP
Combined with government laws (grants, subsidies, tax breaks) the rich can continue to invest in factories, land, and resources that foster development. This creates extra income and expansion for Quebec and the rich benefit from additional profits
what's a scab and how did they ruin things for everyone else?
Strike breaker, would work in factories being protested against, thus undermining the efforts of the protesters
This led to business owners being reluctant to grant any demands as they were not losing business and made social reforms take longer to roll out