DNA Structure
What is the structure of DNA (what does it look like)?
Double Helix
Who was the first to isolate DNA?
Frederick Meischer
What is the overarching name for a series of events that take place in a cell as it grows and divides?
Cell cycle
What is DNA replication?
The process in which a cell creates an identical copy of its DNA.
When the DNA polymerase makes a mistake, what is the name for that?
A mutation
What does DNA carry?
Genetic information
Who studied DNA and made the ratio of nitrogenous bases?
Edwin Chargaff
What is the first growth phase of the cell cycle, where the cell increases in size and prepares for DNA replication?
G1 phase (Gap 1)
What's the importance of copying DNA?
To pass genetic information onto a new generation of cells.
What is the function of cells constantly repairing called?
proofreading
What is the main building block of DNA?
Nucleotides
Who was one of the two people who found out that DNA had a twisted pattern (DNA was helical)?
Rosalind Franklin and/or Maurice Wilkins
What is the second phase of the cell cycle, where the cell replicates its DNA
S Phase (Synthesis)
What phase during the cell cycle does DNA replicate?
S Phase (synthesis phase)
What factors can affect mutations?
Chemicals and UV radiation.
What bonds hold together the base pairs?
Hydrogen Bonds
What two people found out that genetic material was DNA and not proteins?
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
What is the third phase of the cell cycle, where the cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis?
Where does DNA replication occur in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
For eukaryotes, the nucleus. For prokaryotes, the cytoplasm.
What do cells have to fix mutations?
What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
What two people determined that DNA had a double helix, and what bases bonded together?
James Watson and Francis Crick
What is the last phase of the cell cycle, where the cell performs mitosis and cytokinesis?
M Phase (Mitotic)
What is the name of the method in which DNA is copied?
Semiconservative.
What's it called when there's a change in the DNA sequence that doesn't alter the amino acid sequence of the protein?
Silent Mutation