13.4
a religious group that has broken away from an established church
What is a sect?
an agreement in which each side makes concessions; an acceptable middle ground
What is a compromise?
based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe
What is heliocentric?
a step-by-step process of discovering scientific facts
What is the scientific method
a Protestant sectarian of a radical movement arising in the 16th century
Anabaptist
a separate part of Venice reserved for Jews
What is a ghetto?
executed for opposing the Act of Supremacy
Thomas More
Inquisition forced him to say he believed Earth was at the center of the universe
Who is Galileo?
a scientist's possible explanation for why something happens
some of their subdivisions believed in radical social change, such as the end of private property or violence in order to bring about the Day of Judgement.
Anabaptist were considered to be radical
to make someone a Catholic saint
What is canonize?
established the direction of Catholic reforms
1545, the Council of Trent
used Brahe's data to calculate the orbits of the planets revolving around the sun
Who is Johannes Kepler?
the force that keeps planets in their orbits around the sun
What is gravity?
Henry VIII started this process after his split with the Pope in the 1530s. Henry was anxious to ensure a male heir after his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, had borne him only a daughter. He wanted his marriage annulled in order to remarry.
the process of creating the Church of England
daughter of Henery VIII; became both a rallying symbol for Protestants and a target for Catholics
Who is Elizabeth?
Catholic Reformation
Church abuses were reduced.
Polish scholar who proposed that the sun was at the center of the universe, not Earth.
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?
a branch of mathematics partially developed by Newton and used to explain his laws – still applied today
What is calculus?
Witch hunting decline with the end of the religious wars, while persecution of Jews did not
Catholics and Protestants no longer saw each other as social outcast, but continued to see Jews as outcast
the founder of the Jesuits
Who is Ignatius of Loyola?
Religious persecution of the 1500s and 1600s
Persecution was widespread
emphasized human reasoning as the best road to understanding; wrote Discourse on Method
Who is Rene Descartes?
using mathematics, he showed that a single force keeps the planets in their orbits around the sun
Who is Isaac Newton?
Contributions was explanation of the movement of planets
Isaac Newton