14.1
What was the primary aim of the Congress of Vienna?
To reshape Europe and restore the balance of power following Napoleon's downfall.
What was one negative effect of rising nationalist pride in the 1800s?
Intolerance and persecution of groups seen as “different”
What was the impact of Napoleon's 1808 invasion of Spain?
It weakened Spanish control over its colonies.
Two major impacts that Napoleon had on Germany:
Annexed German lands and dissolved the Holy Roman Empire
What was the structure of Britain’s government in the 1800s?
A constitutional monarchy with two political parties and a Parliament
What did the members of the Congress of Vienna aim to maintain? (2)
A stable, monarch-led order in Europe.
What are the Balkans?
An area of Eastern Europe home to diverse peoples and religions.
What inspired Toussaint L’Ouverture’s Slave Revolt in 1791?
Ideas of liberty and freedom.
Prussian Otto von Bismarck used what (2) approaches in order to unify Germany?
Military force and Realpolitik (pragmatic, power-focused politics).
What political movement grew in Ireland as a result of the Great Hunger (Potato Famine)?
Push for Home Rule, or local self-government.
Which group primarily supported liberalism during the 19th century in Europe?
Middle-class groups (business owners, lawyers, and writers)
Supported by Russia, which country gained autonomy within the Ottoman Empire and later gained independence?
Serbia
What nation did Haiti gain independence from?
France
What title did William I of Prussia receive after the unification of Germany?
Kaiser (Emperor) of the Second Reich
What was the purpose of the construction of the Suez Canal?
To link the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean
For centuries, powerful European empires, such as Austria, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire, ruled over what?
Many different nationalities.
Why did many of the revolutions and uprisings in 19th-century Europe fail?
Revolutionaries lacked mass support, their goals were divided, and rulers used force to crush the revolts.
What did Creoles in Spanish America want, and fear, during the early 19th century?
To gain power but feared changes that might threaten their own status
This leader forced Otto von Bismarck to resign and famously said, “There is only one master in the Reich, and that is I.”
Kaiser William II
What was the main goal of Zionism?
Rebuilding a Jewish state in the ancient homeland of the Jews, historically known as Palestine
Nationalism emphasized a storng pride in a shared: (3)
A strong pride in a shared culture, language, and heritage.
Soon, how would liberalism, nationalism, and socialism begin to grow in Europe?
Through political means, not revolutionary ones.
What happened after Agustín de Iturbide's overthrow in Central America?
The regions declared independence and formed the United Provinces of Central America.
What was one major impact of the Franco-Prussian War on Germany?
It strengthened German nationalism and unity.
Why did anti-Semitism rise again in Europe by the late 1800s?
Lower middle-class insecurity and nationalist fervor led to aggressive intolerance and hatred of Jews