Native American Societies before European Contact
These Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest relied on fishing and had abundant natural resources.
Who are the Pacific Northwest tribes?
This term describes the widespread transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases between the Old World and New World.
Columbian Exchange
This explorer sailed for Spain in 1492 and “discovered” the Americas.
Who is Christopher Columbus?
This labor system granted Spanish settlers the right to demand labor from Native Americans.
What is the encomienda system?
This religion was spread by Spanish missionaries in the Americas.
What is Christianity?
These Native Americans in the Great Plains relied heavily on buffalo for survival.
Plains Indians
This deadly disease from Europe caused massive population decline among Native Americans.
smallpox
This system allowed Spain to grant land and labor from Native Americans to settlers.
encomienda system.
This system replaced encomienda and required Native Americans to work for wages for part of the year.
What is the repartimiento system?
These Spanish religious figures established missions to convert Native Americans.
Who are missionaries (or friars)?
This Native American society relied heavily on fishing and had abundant natural resources.
The Pacific Northwest.
These animals, brought by Europeans, transformed Native American life—especially on the Great Plains.
horses
This Portuguese prince sponsored early exploration along the African coast.
Who is Prince Henry the Navigator?
This group, of Spanish descent but born in the Americas, ranked just below peninsulares.
Who are creoles?
This process involved Native Americans adopting aspects of European culture.
What is assimilation?
These Native Americans in the Southwest built adobe structures and relied on irrigation.
the Pueblo peoples.
This New World crop became a staple in Europe and helped increase population.
potatoes
This Spanish conquistador conquered the Inca Empire.
Who is Francisco Pizarro?
This mixed-race group had both Spanish and Native American ancestry.
Who are mestizos?
This African cultural influence can be seen in music, food, and religion in the Americas.
What is African cultural diffusion?
This region was home to complex societies like the Mississippians, known for mound-building.
The Mississippi River Valley?
These crops were sent from the Americas to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
maize and tomatoes
This explorer’s voyage was the first to circumnavigate the globe.
Who is Ferdinand Magellan?
Due to the decline of Native populations, this group was increasingly enslaved and brought to the Americas.
Who are Africans?
This form of resistance involved maintaining cultural traditions despite outside pressure.
What is cultural resistance?