ACCIDENTAL INGESTIONS
Why are children at an increased risk for accidental ingestions?
They put everything in their mouths.
How is diaper dermatitis prevented?
Frequent diaper changes, keep the area clean/dry.
What does a clubfoot look like, can it be straightened out?
Congenital deformity of the ankle/foot
Foot is abnormally turned.
Limb may be shorter with calf atrophy and an empty heel pad.
How is Down Syndrome definitely diagnosed?
Chromosomal analysis
What would be considered primary prevention in the reduction of neural tube defects?
Folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy.
What should be done immediately if a child is exposed to a potential harmful substance?
Terminate exposure
How is seborrheic dermatitis treated?
Clean with mild shampoo, remove scales with a fine toothed comb, mineral oil or hydrocortisone cream.
How is club foot corrected?
Casting or surgery
Denis Browne splint worn afterwards to prevent recurrence.
List the 2 categories of clinical presentation for ADHD.
Predominantly Inattentive Presentation
Clinical Presentation:
Challenges with:
Listening
Following instructions
Schoolwork
Attention to details
Sustained mental effort
Focus
Predominantly Hyperactive/Impulsive Presentation
Challenges with:
Fidgeting
Staying seated
Inappropriate activity
Playing quietly
Sitting still
Talking
Waiting to respond to a question
Taking turns
Interrupting
Can be either or both
What would be considered secondary prevention in the reduction of neural tube defects?
Screening:
Maternal blood testing: High alpha fetoprotein
Pregnancy ultrasound
What are the methods of gastric decontamination?
Induced vomiting
Gastric lavage
Activated charcoal
Cathartics
What is the clinical presentation of atopic dermatitis (eczema)?
Rash: red papules which may ooze
Itch: Extreme
What is the clinical presentation of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)?
Asymmetrical gluteal/thigh folds
Shorter limb on affected side
Limited abduction on affected side
Positive Ortolani Test
How should the practitioner assess for any early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)?
Assess for attainment of developmental milestones.
What is the difference between Meningocele &
Myelomeningocele?
Meningocele: Sac with meninges only (NO risk for neurological deficits)
Myelomeningocele: Sac with meninges and spinal cord/nerves. (r/f neurological deficits)
What is the major residual effect of lead poisoning?
Brain damage
How is Pediculosis Capitis transmitted?
Sharing items
Direct head to head
Cloth surfaces-linens, couches
They do not jump!
When is scoliosis most noticeable?
During the preadolescent growth spurt
10-12 for girls
13-14 for boys
Assess for attainment of developmental milestones.
As soon as possible. The earlier the better.
How will the nurse protect a child with neural tube defect from infection?
Maintain cleanliness
Broad spectrum antibiotics
Prone position
Thermo controlled environment
No clothing over the area
The sac is covered with a sterile dressing moistened with sterile normal saline
Dressings must be changed frequently and kept clean and moist at all times
How can lead be removed from the body?
Chelation therapy initiated if lead levels are greater than 45g/dl
How is Pediculosis Capitis treated?
Pediculicide shampoo
Combing out the nits
May need a second treatment
Treat linens/cloth items.
How are children screened for scoliosis?
View the back undressed, will have a visible curve
Asymmetry of the shoulder/scapula height
Scoliometer or x-ray to confirm and determine degree of curve
What is the cause of cerebral palsy?
Brain insult including bleeding or hypoxia before or after birth.
List the clinical manifestations of hydrocephalus.
Rapid head growth
Increasing head circumference
Bulging fontanels and widening suture lines
Dilated scalp veins
Depressed sun setting eyes
Irritability and lethargy
Difficulty feeding
High pitched cry with increasing ICP
Possible seizures