Change
What is gradual change? Give an example.
Change that happens slowly and over a long period of time. Ex: Erosion - the Grand Canyon, Hoodoos, the badlands
Which layer of the earth is the thinnest?
The crust
Which layer of the earth do we live on?
The crust
Why can't we take samples of the layers under the crust.
It's too far down and too much heat and pressure.
What do we call the movement of the lithosphere (tectonic plates)?
Continental drift
What is sudden change? Give an example
Change that happens quickly. Usually the result of a natural disaster. Ex: Volcano, Earthquake, Landslide
Which layer is the hottest?
The inner core
Which layer is liquid?
The outer core
What do we use to study the layers below the crust?
We use seismic waves.
Which scientist first proposed that the continents moved in 1910?
Alfred Wegener
What type of weathering is done by wind or water rubbing against rock?
Mechanical weathering
Continental and oceanic
The core is made primarily of which two substances?
Iron and nickle
What is the main cause of seismic waves?
Earthquakes
Explain convection currents.
The material in the mantle is heated by the core and rises towards the crust where it cools and sinks back down towards the core. This happens in circular patterns.
What type of weathering is done through chemical reactions such as rust or acid rain.
Chemical weathering
What are the layers of Earth from the inside out?
Inner core, outer core, lower mantle, upper mantle, crust
What are the crust and mantle made of?
Rocky material
Explain the difference between P and S waves.
P : primary - arrives first, can travel through any type of matter: solid, liquid, or gas
S : secondary - arrives second, can only travel through solid matter.
What was the name of Wegener super continent?
Pangea
What type of weathering is caused by plants or animals?
Biological weathering
Describe the Lithosphere
Made up of the crust and the upper mantle. Makes up the tectonic plates. It is the coolest and most rigid part of the earth.
Describe the Asthenosphere.
Made of the lower mantle. The lithosphere sits on top on it. Responsible for the movement of the tectonic plates. Home of the convection currents. Has a plastic texture and can flow.
Name 3 technologies used to study the crust.
Core drilling - samples of the crust, including deep sea samples
Sonar - Allows us to map and study the ocean floor
Magnetometer - changes in earth magnetic field over time
Name three types of evidence for the movement of the continents.
Plants and animal fossils - same species found on different continents
Coal Beds - tropical climates now cooler
Glacial Deposits - Glacial Deposits found in Africa
Mountain ranges - same types of rocks on different continents