Stroke
Occlusion of which artery classically causes contralateral lower extremity weakness greater than upper extremity weakness?
ACA
What is the most common acquired demyelinating disease of the central nervous system?
MS
What is the most common reversible cause of dementia?
B12 deficiency
What is the hallmark symptom of neuromuscular junction disorders?
Fluctuating weakness/fatiguability
What is the most common cause of seizures in the elderly?
Stroke
What is the most common cause of ischemic stroke in young adults?
Arterial dissection
Which demyelinating disease is most often preceded by a viral infection and presents with encephalopathy in children?
ADEM
Which dementia is classically associated with visual hallucinations and fluctuating cognition?
Dementia with Lewy bodies
What bedside sign improves ptosis in myasthenia gravis?
Ice pack test
What EEG pattern is characteristic of absence seizures?
3 Hz generalized spike-and-wave discharges
What is the most common lacunar stroke syndrome?
Pure motor hemiparesis
What class of disease-modifying therapy can worsen neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)?
Interferon beta
A patient with rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus, and periodic sharp-wave complexes on EEG — what is the most likely diagnosis?
CJD
What is the classic electrophysiologic finding in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome?
Incremental response with high-frequency stimulation
A patient with focal seizures preceded by déjà vu and rising epigastric sensation likely has a seizure focus in which lobe?
Mesial temporal lobe
What MRI sequences is most sensitive for detecting blood?
SW, T*, Echo
What clinical feature helps differentiate MOG-associated disease from MS in pediatric or young adult patients?
Bilateral optic neuritis
Which variant of frontotemporal dementia is primarily associated with language impairment?
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA)
What antibody is most specific for necrotizing autoimmune myopathy associated with statin exposure?
Anti-HMGCR antibody
What seizure semiology is most localizing for a frontal lobe onset?
Brief hypermotor or bicycling movements during sleep
What is this syndrome: patients present with contralateral hemiplegia and ipsilateral lateral rectus weakness with diplopia, ipsilateral facial paralysis?
Millard-Gubler Syndrome
What CSF findings is most characteristic of multiple sclerosis?
Oligoclonal bands or kappa free light chain index
Which genetic mutation is most commonly associated with autosomal dominant frontotemporal dementia?
MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau) mutation
A patient with progressive ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, and ragged-red fibers on biopsy — what is the likely diagnosis?
Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO)
What seizure type is most predictive of drug resistance in focal epilepsy?
Focal impaired awareness seizures