Forces in Earth's Crust
The mass of rock that lies above a normal or reverse fault.
What is a hanging wall?
The point where rock breaks and causes an earthquake.
What is the focus?
The plate boundary where two plates scrape past each other without creating or destroying crust.
What is a transform boundary?
The Hawaiian Islands are formed over this.
What is a hot spot?
The fastest seismic wave.
What is a primary wave?
Reverse faults are found at this type of plate boundary.
What is a convergent boundary?
The seismic wave that moves through both solids and liquids.
What is the primary, or P, wave?
The landform created when land moves upward between two normal faults.
What is a fault-block mountain?
The type of plate boundary that produces volcanic mountains along a coastline.
What is convergent?
A super-heated cloud of gas and rock fragments erupted from a volcano.
What is a pyroclastic flow?
The stress you would find at a reverse fault.
What is compression?
The seismic rating scale that estimates the total energy released by an earthquake.
What is the Moment Magnitude scale?
The point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.
What is the epicenter?
A geographic example of a shield volcano.
Hawaii
A large bowl-shaped depression that forms following the eruption of a magma chamber.
What is a caldera?
The type of fault that experiences a shearing force.
What is a strike-slip fault?
The scale that is used to describe the amount of damage an earthquake does to homes and other buildings?
What is Mercalli scale?
The type of seismic wave that produces the most ground movement and therefore the most building damage.
What is a surface wave?
The plate around which the Ring of Fire is found.
What is the Pacific plate?
A geographic example of a volcanic island arc.
What is Japan, Aleutian Island, Indonesia, Phillipines?
Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions (sliding past each other).
What is shearing?
These seismic waves vibrate from side to side and up and down only through solids.
What are secondary, or S, waves?
The plate boundary where tension pulls rock apart creating a thinner layer in the middle.
What is a divergent plate boundary?
In the 1800s, this composite volcano caused tsunamis, some 100 ft. tall, after each of its four eruptions.
What is Krakatoa?
A cone-shaped volcano made of ash, cinder and bombs.
What is a cinder cone?