Age of Exploration
Q: What is the study and creation of maps called?
A: What is Cartography?
Q: What theory stated that the Sun, not the Earth, is the center of the solar system?
A: What is the Heliocentric Theory?
Q: This Enlightenment concept suggests that people are born with rights to life, liberty, and property.
A: What are Natural Rights?
Q: This scientist discovered the law of gravity and explained how objects fall.
A: Who is Isaac Newton?
Q: A widespread disease that kills many people across a large area is called a(n)...
A: What is an Epidemic?
Q: Name THREE major motivations for European exploration during the Age of Exploration.
A: What are Gold, God, and Glory? (Also accept: wealth, spreading Christianity, seeking trade routes)
Q: This step-by-step process of observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and conclusion defines modern science.
A: What is the Scientific Method?
Q: According to John Locke, government power comes from an agreement between rulers and the ruled. What is this called?
A: What is the Social Contract?
Q: This Polish astronomer proposed the heliocentric theory, challenging the geocentric model.
A: Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?
Q: This economic system is based on private ownership, profit, and market competition.
A: What is Capitalism?
Q: A settlement established and controlled by a distant country is called a(n)...
A: What is a Colony?
Q: Name TWO instruments invented during the Scientific Revolution that expanded human observation.
A: What are: Telescope, Microscope, Barometer, or Thermometer? (Accept any two)
Q: This Enlightenment thinker believed in the separation of government powers into legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
A: Who is Montesquieu?
Q: Name TWO female Enlightenment thinkers who advocated for women's rights and equality.
A: Who are Mary Wollstonecraft and Olympe de Gouges? (Also accept: Abigail Adams or Madame Geoffrine)
Q: Explain the difference between a geocentric theory and a heliocentric theory.
A: What is: Geocentric theory places Earth at the center of the universe, while heliocentric theory places the Sun at the center?
Q: Explain why Europeans were able to establish dominance over the Americas despite being vastly outnumbered.
A: What is: Europeans had superior military technology (guns, steel), diseases devastated Native populations, and they exploited existing conflicts between indigenous groups?
Q: This scientist used mathematics and experiments to prove planetary motion and challenged the geocentric model.
A: Who is Johannes Kepler or Galileo Galilei?
Q: Define "despotism" and explain why Enlightenment thinkers opposed it.
A: What is: Despotism is absolute rule by a single person (despot); Enlightenment thinkers opposed it because it violated Natural Rights and concentrated power without checks or representation?
Q: This philosopher developed the Scientific Method and emphasized observation and experimentation over authority.
A: Who is Francis Bacon?
Q: Define "rationalism" and explain how it influenced the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment.
A: What is: Rationalism is the belief that human reason is the primary source of knowledge; it encouraged scientists and philosophers to question authority and use logic and evidence to understand the world?
Q: How did European exploration impact BOTH Europe and the Americas?
A: What is: Europe gained wealth, new resources, and power; the Americas experienced disease epidemics, colonization, cultural destruction, and loss of indigenous populations and sovereignty?
Q: How did the Scientific Revolution change the worldview of average people during this era?
A: What is: It shifted thinking from blind acceptance of authority to questioning and empirical evidence; it challenged religious dogma; it introduced the idea that humans could understand natural laws through reason and observation?
Q: How did the Enlightenment influence our view on government?
A: What is: Enlightenment ideas led to concepts like separation of powers, natural rights, limited government, checks and balances, constitutional monarchy, and democracy, which shaped modern democratic governments?
Q: Explain Isaac Newton's contribution to science and how his ideas reflected Enlightenment thinking.
A: What is: Newton discovered the law of gravity and proved that natural laws could be mathematically explained; this reflected Enlightenment belief in rationalism and the power of human reason to understand the universe?
Q: What are the key inventions of the Scientific Revolution and how did they contribute to changing human understanding?
A: What are: Telescope (see distant objects), Microscope (see tiny objects), Barometer (measure air pressure), Thermometer (measure temperature)—these tools allowed scientists to make precise observations and test hypotheses?