Electrolytes
Hypochloremia signs and symptoms
Tetany
Weakness
Muscle Cramps
Hyperactive DTR's
Hyperexcitability of muscles
Hypophosphotemia causes
Diuretics calories given to malnourished patients
hyperventilation
alcohol withdrawal
diabetic ketoacidosis
absorption problems
Resp. Acidosis Causes
COPD & Asthma Atelectasis
Acute heart failure exacerbation leading to pulmonary edema
alcohol Opiods Sedatives CNS Depression
decreased ventilation from anesthesia
Met Acidosis causes
Renal Failure
Lactic Acidosis
Toxins-Aspirin; salicylate excess
Severe diarrhea (lose bicarb)
diabetic ketoacidosis
Hyperchloremia causes
Met. Acidosis
Hypernatremia
High chloride retention in kidneys
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypophosphatemia signs and symptoms
Muscle weakness seizures
coma decreased respiratory effort
confusion dysphagia
slurred speech irritability
paresthesia's
High or Low Co2 in Resp. Acidosis
High. (hypercapnia) - Hypoventilation
High pH and Low Bicarb
Hyperchloremia signs and symptoms
Tachypnea Diminished Cognitive Ability
Lethargy
Dysrhythmias
Coma
Low Cardiac Output
Hyperphosphatemia causes
Impaired kidney excretion
hypoparathyroidism
Resp. Alkalosis Causes
High fever
Hypoxia (low ox)
hyperventilation
anxiety
Met. Alkalosis causes
Gi loss of H+ ions
Excessive urine loss (loss of H+ in urine); diuertics and steroids
excessive bicarb level
Phosphate Functions
Acid-base balance hydrogen buffer
Promotes energy storage; carbohydrates, proteins, and fat metabolism
bone and teeth formation
Role in muscle and RBC function
Hyperphosphatemia signs and symptoms
Hyperreflexia
Anorexia
Muscle Weakness
Dysrhythmias
Decreased mental status
High or low CO2 in Resp alkalosis
Low. hyperventilation
pH and bicarb levels in met. alkalosis
Low pH - High bicarb
PTH and activated Vit. D
Eliminated by: Kidneys
Phosphate has a inverse relationship with what electrloyte
Calcium
Low Phos = High Calcium and vice versa