Feudalism
What type of relationship does Feudalism describe?
The relationship between a king and his nobles.
What is an indulgence?
An indulgence would be granted to those who fought in crusades to remove penalties of any confessed sins.
What led to the middle ages?
The fall of the Roman Empire.
What was the MOST visible common symptom of the black plague?
Black boils that oozed blood and pus.
Who had the highest authority in medieval society?
The pope
What is Feudalism?
A medieval system of power in which a monarch would grant fiefs in return for loyalty and military service.
What was the main reason the Crusades had begun?
To regain the holy places held in the Middle East and stop their expansion.
What percentage of medieval society was made up of the nobility and clergy?
20%
How did the black plague instill fear in societal communities?
It was common to believe the plague was a result of divine punishment for wrongdoing. People took it upon themselves to win God's forgiveness by punishing themselves and others. This allowed for religious groups like the Jewish to be targeted more easily based on hatred and fear.
What is an interdiction?
Monarchs who violated canon law faced interdiction (having sacraments performed) which questioned their legitimacy.
Why were serfs unable to leave their fiefs?
Serfs were bound to their land legally and if they left they would be imprisoned or killed if caught.
Why is Jerusalem such a controversial place for Muslims and Christians?
It is the Holy land that they both believed their religious beliefs stem from.
Who further developed the system of feudalism by being the backbone of society?
Serfs
What was the primary form of transportation that led to the spread of the black plague?
Trading ships that sailed coast to coast.
Explain how sacraments played a key role in determining a monarch's legitimacy.
Sacraments represented the Church's standing with the current ruler, if they had broken the canon law and could no longer have sacraments performed their power would be questioned as divine legitimacy was most important.
Why did philosophers believe the middle age was important?
A 1000 year period of ignorance would separate the people from Ancient Greece and Rome. This idea would promote artistic, cultural, and changes in belief as the political system began to change.
How did the crusades influence the future ideas of technologies?
Transportation and trade improved due to the constant demand for supplies and transport which eventually led to better shipbuilding plus the manufacturing of goods.
Explain how convents offered a sense of peace for women.
Women during this time still had little rights so by finding a way to befriend each other, they could freely discuss their ideas and beliefs to one another.
How did the black death affect the Middle Ages from an economic perspective?
The black death was not only limited to humans, but it also spread to livestock as well. The demand for items increased but there was no supply. There was little contact between people due to fear of the disease, so trade began to slow.
Why was the Roman Catholic Church believed to be placed higher than the ruling monarch?
Religious leaders could confirm legitimate rule as well as had access to wealth and power due to their beliefs.
Why did Feudalism form as a political system after the fall of the Roman Empire?
After the fall of the Roman Empire, Europe was left in shambles and had no government system. Feudalism allowed for power to be held in smaller forms shown through lords and fiefs due to a lack of centralization.
Explain the effects of how the Crusades effectively spread western technology and culture through the Middle East.
The Crusades introduced common practices among Europeans and existing inventions by their expansive conquest of the land. By traveling through many states, they would litter pieces of European society behind.
Name one of the rules from the Craft Guild.
A ban/fine imposed on any illicit trading by a non-craft guild member.
Fines were imposed on any craft guild member who violated the charter of their specific guild.
Those who fell sick would be taken care of by other members and burials would be arranged, as well as any orphans would be taken care of.
Protection was provided for their horses, wagons, and goods when traveling over land.
How did the black plague affect feudalism?
When mass amounts of serfs began to die, fiefs started to lose their value as the remaining serfs would not be willing to tend to them for lords because of bad working conditions, this allowed them to bargain with them and subsequently start to end serfdom.
Explain what Canon Law is and what would happen if it was broken.
Canon Law was a set of rules enforced for Christians to follow, if it was broken they would be excommunicated from the church and society. This could easily mean death for the wrongdoer.