Court cases of 1803-1962
Describe the court case of MARBURY V. MADISON (1803) and who it empowered
What is...
establishing a principle of judicial review; deciding on judicial appointments
empowered the Supreme Court to declare an act as unconstitutional
Under the ruling in ENGEL V VITALE (1962) public schools were not allowed to do what because it violated the first amendment
What is...
Host religious prayers of any sort
SHAW V. RENO (1993) ruled that if the only factor for redistricting is this, then it can be challenged by the voters.
What is...
Race
What gained supremacy over state laws in MCCULLOCH V. MARYLAND (1819)
What is...
The US Constitution and federal laws
GIDEON V. WAINWRIGHT (1963) extended what to felony defendants in state courts
What is...
The right to an attorney
In UNITED STATES V. LOPEZ (1995) Congress did not have the right to make it a federal crime to possess what in a school zone?
What is...
Firearms (Guns)
The government can restrict speech if what...
SCHENCK V. UNITED STATES (1919)
What is...
if it created a "clear and present danger" of something that Congress had the power to prevent
What was the reason behind the TINKER V. DES MOINES INDEPENDENT COMMUNITY SCHOOL DISTRICT (1969) case?
What is...
students wore black armbands in school to protest the Vietnam War, and banning this would violate the students’ freedom of speech protected by the First Amendment.
MCDONALD V. CHICAGO (2010) ruled what about the second amendment, the right to bear arms?
What is...
It applied to both state and local governments
Describe the court case of BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION (1954)
What is...
Race-based school segregation violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
In NEW YORK TIMES CO. V. UNITED STATES (1971), the Supreme Court ruled what about the 1st Amendment
What is...the government could not censor press unless it directly harms national security
The Supreme Court case of CITIZENS UNITED V. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION (2010) ruled that political ______ and ______legal for both individuals and SIGS, etc.
What is...
Speech; donations
BAKER V. CARR (1962) allowed federal courts to hear other cases that challenged redistricting plans that may have violated the Equal Protection Clause. What was the reasoning for the decision in this case?
What is...
Because rural districts had fewer people, representation was unevenly distributed; thus, Baker was denied equal protection under the law.
What was the ruling of the WISCONSIN V. YODER (1972) court case?
What is...
Families (especially Amish parents) did not have to send their children to school if it went strongly against their religious beliefs