Period 2 (1607-1754)
What cash crop saved the Jamestown colony Economically?
Tobacco
What war (1754–1763) led Britain to impose new taxes on the colonies?
The French and Indian War.
What 1803 land purchase doubled the size of the United States?
The Louisiana Purchase.
What 1848 discovery sparked a massive migration to California?
Gold (California Gold Rush)
What system of trade connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas in the 1600s?
The triangular Trade
What 1620 document established self-government for the Pilgrims in New England?
The Mayflower Compact.
What 1776 document, authored mainly by Thomas Jefferson, justified independence by listing grievances against King George III?
The Declaration of Independence.
What doctrine (1823) warned European nations not to colonize or interfere in the Western Hemisphere?
The Monroe Doctrine.
What 1854 act allowed popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska, leading to violent conflict?
The Kansas-Nebraska Act.
Who were the Federalist?
Political party that supported strong central government and trade
What 1676 uprising in Virginia was led by frontier farmers angry about Native American policies elite control?
Bacons rebellion
Under the Articles of Confederation, what was one major weakness of the national government?
Lack of power to tax (or no executive branch).
What 1820 agreement maintained the balance of free and slave states by admitting Missouri as slave and Maine as free?
The Missouri Compromise.
What 1863 declaration by Lincoln freed slaves in areas still in rebellion during the Civil War?
The Emancipation Proclamation
What is Manifest Destiny?
Belief that U.S expansion across the continent
What economic policy encouraged England to regulate colonial trade for the benefit of the mother country?
Mercantilism/Navigation Acts system
What 1803 Supreme Court case established judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison.
In what 1819 case did the Supreme Court declare that the national bank was constitutional and that federal power is supreme over the states?
McCulloch v. Maryland.
What 1857 Supreme Court decision ruled that enslaved people were property and could not sue in federal court?
Dred Scott v. Sandford
What is the Second Great Awaking?
Religious revival movement in early 1800s
What 1740s–1750s religious revival emphasized emotional faith and challenged established churches?
The First Great Awakening.
What 1794 uprising of farmers in western Pennsylvania challenged the new federal government’s ability to enforce its laws?
The Whiskey Rebellion.
What reform movement, led by figures like Dorothea Dix, sought to improve treatment of the mentally ill?
The asylum/mental health reform movement (part of antebellum reform).
What 1877 political agreement ended Reconstruction by withdrawing federal troops from the South?
The Compromise of 1877.
What were the Reconstruction Acts?
1867 law dividing the south into military