Elements and their uses
This element's ability to bond in multiple different positions allows it to form extremely diverse compounds, such as graphite and diamonds.
What is carbon?
This number, found on each element's entry in the periodic table, refers to the number of protons that element has.
What is atomic number?
What are electrons?
This term refers to electrons in the outermost shell of an atom's electron configuration.
What are valence electrons?
This term refers to different atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.
What are isotopes?
This element, with symbol W, is often used in lightbulbs because of its extremely high melting point.
What is tungsten?
This term refers to a single column of the periodic table.
What is a group?
This term refers to the distance from an atom's nucleus to its outer shell. This number increases as one moves down the periodic table, but decreases as one moves to the right.
What is atomic radius?
The idea that electrons will occupy lower energy orbitals before higher energy ones is known as this.
What is the Aufbau principle?
These types of chemical bonds are formed when one atom gives electrons to another atom so that they both have full valence shells.
What are ionic bonds?
This element, specifically its relatively rare 235 isotope, is often used in nuclear power plants due to its ability to sustain a fission reaction.
What is uranium?
This number is approximately equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons of an element, but its calculation is dependent on the relative frequency of different isotopes of the element.
What is atomic mass?
This term refers to the amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bonded electron from an atom. There also exists a "second" one of these, referring to the energy required to remove the second electron.
What is ionization energy?
This rule states that elements below atomic number 20 will tend to form compounds that give them a valence electron configuration similar to that of a noble gas.
What is the octet rule?
This term refers to units composed of multiple atoms that collectively have a single charge and are treated as a single atom.
What are polyatomic ions?
This element is used in atomic clocks, and the definition of the second is based on the vibration of a single atom of this element.
What is cesium?
These elements on the right of the periodic table generally have 8 valence electrons and are not very reactive.
What are noble gases?
This term refers to the likelihood of an atom to gain an electron.
What is electron affinity?
This scientist proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom, which states that electrons do not orbit around the nucleus but instead are found in "clouds", which give the probability of an electron to be in a certain position around the nucleus.
Who is Erwin Schroedinger?
This type of bonding, named for the substances in which it occurs, can be identified by the sharing of free electrons, sometimes described as a "sea" of electrons.
What is metallic bonding?
Ionization smoke detectors use a sample of this element as a source of ions. When the stream of ions is interrupted by smoke, the smoke alarm goes off.
What is americium?
Elements in the same period of the periodic table have the same number of ___.
What are atomic orbitals?
Selecting an element on the periodic table and comparing it to the element directly under it will reveal that the second element has one more ____ than the first.
What is an electron shell?
What is 14?
This term refers to molecules that experience a difference in charge between atoms, such that the distribution of electrons in the molecule is not even. Water is an example of one of these.
What are polar molecules?