Perspectives
Focuses on individual potential and self-growth. Emphasizes personal responsibility, free will, and the drive toward self-actualization. Key figures: Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Humanistic Perspective.
What disorder involves struggles with independence and expressing needs?
Dependent PD
Describe Generalized Anxiety Disorder and list symptoms.
Persistent and excessive worry about many things.
Symptoms: Restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance.
Involves mood swings from manic (elevated mood, high energy) to depressive episodes.
Treatment: Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics.
Bipolar Disorder
What must be obtained prior to conducting psychological research?
Informed consent
Focuses on mental processes like thinking, memory, language, and problem-solving. Looks at how people perceive, interpret, and mentally represent the world.
Cognitive Therapy
What disorder is this case study?
Steven: Steven came to the attention of a therapist when his wife insisted that they seek marital counseling. According to her, Stevne was “selfish, ungiving, and preoccupied with his work.” Everything at home had to “revolve around him, his comfort, moods and desire, no one else’s.” She claimed that he contributed nothing to the marriage, except a rather meager income. He shirked all “normal” responsibilities and kept “throwing chores in her lap” and she was “getting fed up with being the everything in the house.” His relationships with his present co-workers and social acquaintances were pleasant and satisfying but he did admit that most people viewed him as a “bit self-centered, cold and snobbish.” He recognized that he did not know how to share his thoughts and feelings with others, that he was much more interested in himself than in them, and that perhaps he always had “referred the pleasure” of his own company to that of others.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder.
Fear of being in situations where escape may be difficult, often leads to avoiding public spaces.
Define and give examples of positive vs negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
Developed by Carl Rogers. Emphasizes unconditional positive regard, empathy, and active listening.
Person Centered Thearpy
Founded by Freud. Emphasizes unconscious conflicts, childhood experiences, and inner conflicts. Uses techniques like dream analysis and free association.
Psychodynamic Perspective.
What Diagnosis does Lucinda have?
Lucinda: Unhappy over her impending divorce, Lucinda decided to seek counseling. She arrived at her first session wearing a very provocative outfit, including a revealing blouse and an extremely short skirt. Her hair had been labored over, and she had on an excessive amount of makeup- very carefully applied. She talked about her break-up in a theatrical manner. Over a span of five minutes, her voice ranged from whispers to cries of agony and back again to whispers. She waved her arms dramatically while making some points and sat totally skillfully while making others, and she moved back and forth from a curled-in-a-ball sitting position to a standing position marked by pacing. She seemed to be on center stage=except of course she was alone talking to a therapist whom she was meeting for the first time.
Histrionic PD
Define Panic Disorder and identify its disorder category.
Involves sudden, intense panic attacks.
Falls under: Anxiety disorders.
Involuntary movement disorder often caused by long-term antipsychotic use. Associated with schizophrenia treatment
Tardive dyskinesia
Characterized by extreme restriction of food intake, fear of gaining weight, distorted body image
Anorexia Nervosa
Describe the Biological Perspective.
Emphasizes the influence of biology on behavior, such as genetics, neurotransmitters, brain structures, and hormones.
Describe Histrionic Personality Disorder
Main attributes:
a) Excessive emotionality
b) Attention-seeking
c) Inappropriate seductiveness
d) Rapidly shifting emotions
Describe Major Depressive Disorder vs Persistent Depressive Disorder.
Includes severe symptoms like persistent sadness, loss of interest in daily activities, and changes in sleep/appetite.
Difference from PDD: PDD is less severe but lasts longer (at least 2 years).
What neurotransmitters are affected in schizophrenia?
Primarily involves excess dopamine.
Focuses on challenging irrational beliefs.
Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET)
Describe the Behavioral Perspective and give a criticism of behaviorism.
AND: List one criticism of this perspective
Focuses on observable behaviors and how they're learned. Emphasizes conditioning (classical and operant).
Criticism: Ignores mental processes and internal thoughts/emotions. Does not treat the underlying cause of the disorder.
Describe Antisocial Personality Disorder.
Marked by disregard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, lack of remorse, and often criminal behavior.
Medications for MDD & PDD and what neurotransmitters are associated with depression?
What is ECT?
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a medical procedure in which small electric currents are passed through the brain while the patient is under general anesthesia, intentionally causing a brief, controlled seizure.
What are 4 ethical guidelines in research and therapy?