Sedimentary Rocks
This environment produces the common sedimentary rock know as sandstone.
What are deserts or beaches?
This is the name for a large plume of hot mantle material that contributed to the formation of the Hawaiian Island chain.
What is a hot spot?
This is the term used to describe bands of materials aligned into thin, identifiable layering in metamorphic rocks.
What is foliation?
NaCl is the chemical formula for this common mineral.
What is salt?
Pompeii was destroyed by the eruption of this infamous volcano.
A type of rock with cemented-together fragments and solid grains of pre-existing rocks.
What is clastic rock?
This type of fragmental material gets its name from the greek word pyro (meaning fire) and klastos (meaning broken).
What is pyroclastic debris?
This metamorphic rock can be formed from granite that has be subjected to intense heat and pressure.
What is gneiss?
This is the maroon variety of the common mineral quartz. It's also my birthstone if that helps.
What is amethyst?
While this powdery substance seems harmless, the volcanic variety is abrasive and can cause serious damage to the lungs if inhaled.
What is ash?
This is the step in sedimentary rock formation that involves physical and chemical processes of breaking down pre-existing rock.
The Half Dome in Yosemite is an example of a vast igneous body composed of multiple plutons and is otherwise know by this term.
What is a batholith?
This is a naturally occurring compound that, when added to rocks like basalt or granite, noticeably lowers the melting temperatures.
What is H2O?
This scale determines the hardness of a mineral. Window glass is 5.5, a fingernail is 2.5, and diamond is 10.
Name for volcanoes formed from magma classified as 1.Mafic 2.Intermediate 3.Felsic
What are 1.Shield volcanoes. 2.Cinder volcanoes. 3.Stratovolcanoes
Two rocks with which are similar in composition, however, one will break into platy sheets while the other will not.
What is mudstone and shale?
In this formation, intense water pressure prevented gas bubbles from forming in the rock while the lava flow cooled relatively quickly.
Because blueschist needs specific conditions to form, this environment of relatively low temperature and high pressure is ideal.
What is an oceanic-continental convergent boundary?
Because amber is formed from tree sap, it does not meet this requirement to be classified as a mineral.
What is inorganic?
In this type of eruption, buoyancy and pressure forces magma through passages in the volcano and finally out to the surface where it becomes a lava flow.
What are effusive eruptions?
Calcite-rich water forming speleothems in a cave is an example of this type of limestone.
What is travertine?
These types of rocks form when melt cools in two distinct stages– first slowly then quickly.
What are porphyritic rocks?
These minerals indicate the approximate metamorphic grade of the rocks and can be helpful identifiers.
What are index minerals?
An arrangement of atoms that differentiates between a true mineral like quartz and a material commonly mistaken to be crystal such as glass.
What is a crystalline atomic structure?
Term for a ropy lava flow that is one of two types commonly found in Hawaii.
What is pahoehoe