M1 2.0

Enzymes

100

Enzymes speed up the rate of a reaction by doing this

What is decreasing activation energy?

200

Hexokinase and Glucokinase are ___

What is isozymes?

300

The following enzymes fall into this category: 

-Amylase, Trypsin, Lipase, RNAase DNAase, Lactase

What are hydrolases?

400

___ is a cofactor that acts as a prosthetic group

What is FAD?

500

Suicide inhibitors are ___

What are noncompetitive inhibitors?

Proteins

100

Calculate the net charge of the following polypeptide:
⁺NH₃-Val-Glu-Pro-Arg-Lys-Ile-Asp-Glu-Gln-Thr-Glu-COO^-

What is -2? 

⁺NH₃=+1
Glu= -1 (Acidic)
Arg=+1 (Basic)
Lys= +1 (Basic)
Asp= -1 (Acidic)
COO^-= -1

200

A protein that lacks quaternary structure

What is myoglobin?

300

Of the following, ____ is the amino acid with the most hydrophobic side chain:
- Tyrosine
-Alanine
-Leucine
-Isoleucine
-Phenylalanine

What is Isoleucine?

400

In the Gly-X-Y sequence of collagen, X is frequently ___ and Y is often ____.

What is Proline and Hydroxyproline or Hydroxylysine? (Protein Structure and Function slide 34) 

500

____ permits protein passage between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

What is the Nuclear Pore Complex?

Lipids

100

Four types of glycerophospholipids

What is:
Phosphatidylcholine (Pc) , Phosphatidylinositol (Pi), Phosphatidylserine (Ps), and Phosphatidylethanolamine (Pe) 

200

These lipids are amphipathic with a headgroup that is larger than their hydrophobic tails and have the ability to form micelles.

What is a/are detergents?

300

This type of bond is found in sphingolipids but not glycerophospholipids 

What is an amide bond?

400

Inositol triphosphate is cleaved from phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate by this type of phospholipase

What is phospholipase C?

500

I am slightly amphipathic, with a fused ring structure, and I modulate membrane fluidity. 

What is cholesterol?

Cell Signaling

100

Name the types of cellular signaling

What is contact-dependent, paracrine, synaptic, and endocrine?

200

These ligands bind the receptor, block the binding site, and do not activate the receptor.

Ex: Propranolol 

What is an antagonist?


(example is from Damuni's notes on Cellular Signaling slide 8) 

300

Cholera Infection occurs as the result of increased adenylate cyclase leading to increased cAMP and PKA due to inhibition of ___ 

What is GTPase activity of Gs_alpha?

400

This is the largest single class of drug targets in the genome.

What are GPCRs (G-protein coupled receptors)?

Reasoning:
-b/c they mediate many activities such as muscle contraction, salivary gland secretion, etc. 

500

Low Ca²⁺ concentration triggers other calcium channels to open thereby increasing Ca²⁺ levels. Calcium channels then close when a threshold is reached. Calcium release functions as a _____ ______mechanism. 

What is Positive Feedback?

Clinical Foundations and Community Medicine

100

The type of error in research where you should have rejected the "H_o"

What is Type 2 Error?

200

This duct drains below the diaphragm and left thorax and upper limb into the junction of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins

What is the thoracic duct?

300

This type of study is used to establish prevalence and may also include a survey to obtain results/responses. 

What is cross-sectional?

400

The rule for determining the number or percentage of data points within one, two, or three standard deviations of the mean

What is the 68-95-99.7 rule?

500

From the following types of evidence, identify the top four highest: 

-Randomized controlled trial
-Expert opinion
-Case series
-Internet
-Systematic review
-Case report
-Textbook
-Cohort study 

What is cohort study, case series, randomized controlled trial, and systematic review?